add 10 personas for snare

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<p><b>You can also check the <a href="/config/cluster.html">configuration reference documentation.</a></b>
</p>
</div><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
<ul><li><a href="#For_the_impatient">For the impatient</a></li><li><a href="#Security">Security</a></li><li><a href="#Cluster_Basics">Cluster Basics</a></li><li><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#Cluster_Information">Cluster Information</a></li><li><a href="#Bind_session_after_crash_to_failover_node">Bind session after crash to failover node</a></li><li><a href="#Configuration_Example">Configuration Example</a></li><li><a href="#Cluster_Architecture">Cluster Architecture</a></li><li><a href="#How_it_Works">How it Works</a></li><li><a href="#Monitoring_your_Cluster_with_JMX">Monitoring your Cluster with JMX</a></li><li><a href="#FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul>
</div><h3 id="For_the_impatient">For the impatient</h3><div class="text">
<p>
Simply add
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
to your <code>&lt;Engine&gt;</code> or your <code>&lt;Host&gt;</code> element to enable clustering.
</p>
<p>
Using the above configuration will enable all-to-all session replication
using the <code>DeltaManager</code> to replicate session deltas. By all-to-all we mean that the session gets replicated to all the other
nodes in the cluster. This works great for smaller cluster but we don't recommend it for larger clusters(a lot of Tomcat nodes).
Also when using the delta manager it will replicate to all nodes, even nodes that don't have the application deployed.<br/>
To get around this problem, you'll want to use the BackupManager. This manager only replicates the session data to one backup
node, and only to nodes that have the application deployed. Downside of the BackupManager: not quite as battle tested as the delta manager.
</p>
<p>
Here are some of the important default values:
</p>
<ol>
<li>Multicast address is 228.0.0.4</li>
<li>Multicast port is 45564 (the port and the address together determine cluster membership.</li>
<li>The IP broadcasted is <code>java.net.InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress()</code> (make sure you don't broadcast 127.0.0.1, this is a common error)</li>
<li>The TCP port listening for replication messages is the first available server socket in range <code>4000-4100</code></li>
<li>Listener is configured <code>ClusterSessionListener</code></li>
<li>Two interceptors are configured <code>TcpFailureDetector</code> and <code>MessageDispatchInterceptor</code></li>
</ol>
<p>
The following is the default cluster configuration:
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8"&gt;
&lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/&gt;
&lt;Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"&gt;
&lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/&gt;
&lt;Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto"
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/&gt;
&lt;Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"&gt;
&lt;Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/&gt;
&lt;/Sender&gt;
&lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/&gt;
&lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/&gt;
&lt;/Channel&gt;
&lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/&gt;
&lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/&gt;
&lt;Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/&gt;
&lt;ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/&gt;
&lt;/Cluster&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>Will cover this section in more detail later in this document.</p>
</div><h3 id="Security">Security</h3><div class="text">
<p>The cluster implementation is written on the basis that a secure, trusted
network is used for all of the cluster related network traffic. It is not safe
to run a cluster on a insecure, untrusted network.</p>
<p>There are many options for providing a secure, trusted network for use by a
Tomcat cluster. These include:</p>
<ul>
<li>private LAN</li>
<li>a Virtual Private Network (VPN)</li>
<li>IPSEC</li>
</ul>
</div><h3 id="Cluster_Basics">Cluster Basics</h3><div class="text">
<p>To run session replication in your Tomcat 8 container, the following steps
should be completed:</p>
<ul>
<li>All your session attributes must implement <code>java.io.Serializable</code></li>
<li>Uncomment the <code>Cluster</code> element in server.xml</li>
<li>If you have defined custom cluster valves, make sure you have the <code>ReplicationValve</code> defined as well under the Cluster element in server.xml</li>
<li>If your Tomcat instances are running on the same machine, make sure the <code>Receiver.port</code>
attribute is unique for each instance, in most cases Tomcat is smart enough to resolve this on it's own by autodetecting available ports in the range 4000-4100</li>
<li>Make sure your <code>web.xml</code> has the
<code>&lt;distributable/&gt;</code> element</li>
<li>If you are using mod_jk, make sure that jvmRoute attribute is set at your Engine <code>&lt;Engine name="Catalina" jvmRoute="node01" &gt;</code>
and that the jvmRoute attribute value matches your worker name in workers.properties</li>
<li>Make sure that all nodes have the same time and sync with NTP service!</li>
<li>Make sure that your loadbalancer is configured for sticky session mode.</li>
</ul>
<p>Load balancing can be achieved through many techniques, as seen in the
<a href="/balancer-howto.html">Load Balancing</a> chapter.</p>
<p>Note: Remember that your session state is tracked by a cookie, so your URL must look the same from the out
side otherwise, a new session will be created.</p>
<p>The Cluster module uses the Tomcat JULI logging framework, so you can configure logging
through the regular logging.properties file. To track messages, you can enable logging on the key: <code>org.apache.catalina.tribes.MESSAGES</code></p>
</div><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text">
<p>To enable session replication in Tomcat, three different paths can be followed to achieve the exact same thing:</p>
<ol>
<li>Using session persistence, and saving the session to a shared file system (PersistenceManager + FileStore)</li>
<li>Using session persistence, and saving the session to a shared database (PersistenceManager + JDBCStore)</li>
<li>Using in-memory-replication, using the SimpleTcpCluster that ships with Tomcat (lib/catalina-tribes.jar + lib/catalina-ha.jar)</li>
</ol>
<p>In this release of session replication, Tomcat can perform an all-to-all replication of session state using the <code>DeltaManager</code> or
perform backup replication to only one node using the <code>BackupManager</code>.
The all-to-all replication is an algorithm that is only efficient when the clusters are small. For larger clusters, to use
a primary-secondary session replication where the session will only be stored at one backup server simply setup the BackupManager. <br/>
Currently you can use the domain worker attribute (mod_jk &gt; 1.2.8) to build cluster partitions
with the potential of having a more scalable cluster solution with the DeltaManager(you'll need to configure the domain interceptor for this).
In order to keep the network traffic down in an all-to-all environment, you can split your cluster
into smaller groups. This can be easily achieved by using different multicast addresses for the different groups.
A very simple setup would look like this:
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> DNS Round Robin
|
Load Balancer
/ \
Cluster1 Cluster2
/ \ / \
Tomcat1 Tomcat2 Tomcat3 Tomcat4</code></pre></div>
<p>What is important to mention here, is that session replication is only the beginning of clustering.
Another popular concept used to implement clusters is farming, i.e., you deploy your apps only to one
server, and the cluster will distribute the deployments across the entire cluster.
This is all capabilities that can go into with the FarmWarDeployer (s. cluster example at <code>server.xml</code>)</p>
<p>In the next section will go deeper into how session replication works and how to configure it.</p>
</div><h3 id="Cluster_Information">Cluster Information</h3><div class="text">
<p>Membership is established using multicast heartbeats.
Hence, if you wish to subdivide your clusters, you can do this by
changing the multicast IP address or port in the <code>&lt;Membership&gt;</code> element.
</p>
<p>
The heartbeat contains the IP address of the Tomcat node and the TCP port that
Tomcat listens to for replication traffic. All data communication happens over TCP.
</p>
<p>
The <code>ReplicationValve</code> is used to find out when the request has been completed and initiate the
replication, if any. Data is only replicated if the session has changed (by calling setAttribute or removeAttribute
on the session).
</p>
<p>
One of the most important performance considerations is the synchronous versus asynchronous replication.
In a synchronous replication mode the request doesn't return until the replicated session has been
sent over the wire and reinstantiated on all the other cluster nodes.
Synchronous vs. asynchronous is configured using the <code>channelSendOptions</code>
flag and is an integer value. The default value for the <code>SimpleTcpCluster/DeltaManager</code> combo is
8, which is asynchronous. You can read more on the <a href="/tribes/introduction.html">send flag(overview)</a> or the
<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.5-doc/api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/Channel.html">send flag(javadoc)</a>.
During async replication, the request is returned before the data has been replicated. async replication yields shorter
request times, and synchronous replication guarantees the session to be replicated before the request returns.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Bind_session_after_crash_to_failover_node">Bind session after crash to failover node</h3><div class="text">
<p>
If you are using mod_jk and not using sticky sessions or for some reasons sticky session don't
work, or you are simply failing over, the session id will need to be modified as it previously contained
the worker id of the previous tomcat (as defined by jvmRoute in the Engine element).
To solve this, we will use the JvmRouteBinderValve.
</p>
<p>
The JvmRouteBinderValve rewrites the session id to ensure that the next request will remain sticky
(and not fall back to go to random nodes since the worker is no longer available) after a fail over.
The valve rewrites the JSESSIONID value in the cookie with the same name.
Not having this valve in place, will make it harder to ensure stickiness in case of a failure for the mod_jk module.
</p>
<p>
Remember, if you are adding your own valves in server.xml then the defaults are no longer valid,
make sure that you add in all the appropriate valves as defined by the default.
</p>
<p>
<b>Hint:</b><br/>
With attribute <i>sessionIdAttribute</i> you can change the request attribute name that included the old session id.
Default attribute name is <i>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteOrignalSessionID</i>.
</p>
<p>
<b>Trick:</b><br/>
You can enable this mod_jk turnover mode via JMX before you drop a node to all backup nodes!
Set enable true on all JvmRouteBinderValve backups, disable worker at mod_jk
and then drop node and restart it! Then enable mod_jk Worker and disable JvmRouteBinderValves again.
This use case means that only requested session are migrated.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Configuration_Example">Configuration Example</h3><div class="text">
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="6"&gt;
&lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
mapSendOptions="6"/&gt;
&lt;!--
&lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/&gt;
--&gt;
&lt;Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"&gt;
&lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/&gt;
&lt;Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto"
port="5000"
selectorTimeout="100"
maxThreads="6"/&gt;
&lt;Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"&gt;
&lt;Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/&gt;
&lt;/Sender&gt;
&lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/&gt;
&lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/&gt;
&lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/&gt;
&lt;/Channel&gt;
&lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"/&gt;
&lt;Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/&gt;
&lt;ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/&gt;
&lt;/Cluster&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
Break it down!!
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="6"&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
The main element, inside this element all cluster details can be configured.
The <code>channelSendOptions</code> is the flag that is attached to each message sent by the
SimpleTcpCluster class or any objects that are invoking the SimpleTcpCluster.send method.
The description of the send flags is available at <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.5-doc/api/org/apache/catalina/tribes/Channel.html">
our javadoc site</a>
The <code>DeltaManager</code> sends information using the SimpleTcpCluster.send method, while the backup manager
sends it itself directly through the channel.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
mapSendOptions="6"/&gt;
&lt;!--
&lt;Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/&gt;
--&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
This is a template for the manager configuration that will be used if no manager is defined in the &lt;Context&gt;
element. In Tomcat 5.x each webapp marked distributable had to use the same manager, this is no longer the case
since Tomcat you can define a manager class for each webapp, so that you can mix managers in your cluster.
Obviously the managers on one node's application has to correspond with the same manager on the same application on the other node.
If no manager has been specified for the webapp, and the webapp is marked &lt;distributable/&gt; Tomcat will take this manager configuration
and create a manager instance cloning this configuration.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-manager.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
The channel element is <a href="/tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a>, the group communication framework
used inside Tomcat. This element encapsulates everything that has to do with communication and membership logic.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-channel.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
address="228.0.0.4"
port="45564"
frequency="500"
dropTime="3000"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
Membership is done using multicasting. Please note that Tribes also supports static memberships using the
<code>StaticMembershipInterceptor</code> if you want to extend your membership to points beyond multicasting.
The address attribute is the multicast address used and the port is the multicast port. These two together
create the cluster separation. If you want a QA cluster and a production cluster, the easiest config is to
have the QA cluster be on a separate multicast address/port combination than the production cluster.<br/>
The membership component broadcasts TCP address/port of itself to the other nodes so that communication between
nodes can be done over TCP. Please note that the address being broadcasted is the one of the
<code>Receiver.address</code> attribute.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-membership.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
address="auto"
port="5000"
selectorTimeout="100"
maxThreads="6"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
In tribes the logic of sending and receiving data has been broken into two functional components. The Receiver, as the name suggests
is responsible for receiving messages. Since the Tribes stack is thread less, (a popular improvement now adopted by other frameworks as well),
there is a thread pool in this component that has a maxThreads and minThreads setting.<br/>
The address attribute is the host address that will be broadcasted by the membership component to the other nodes.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-receiver.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"&gt;
&lt;Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/&gt;
&lt;/Sender&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
The sender component, as the name indicates is responsible for sending messages to other nodes.
The sender has a shell component, the <code>ReplicationTransmitter</code> but the real stuff done is done in the
sub component, <code>Transport</code>.
Tribes support having a pool of senders, so that messages can be sent in parallel and if using the NIO sender,
you can send messages concurrently as well.<br/>
Concurrently means one message to multiple senders at the same time and Parallel means multiple messages to multiple senders
at the same time.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-sender.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/&gt;
&lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/&gt;
&lt;Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/&gt;
&lt;/Channel&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
Tribes uses a stack to send messages through. Each element in the stack is called an interceptor, and works much like the valves do
in the Tomcat servlet container.
Using interceptors, logic can be broken into more manageable pieces of code. The interceptors configured above are:<br/>
TcpFailureDetector - verifies crashed members through TCP, if multicast packets get dropped, this interceptor protects against false positives,
ie the node marked as crashed even though it still is alive and running.<br/>
MessageDispatchInterceptor - dispatches messages to a thread (thread pool) to send message asynchronously.<br/>
ThroughputInterceptor - prints out simple stats on message traffic.<br/>
Please note that the order of interceptors is important. The way they are defined in server.xml is the way they are represented in the
channel stack. Think of it as a linked list, with the head being the first most interceptor and the tail the last.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-interceptor.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=".*\.gif|.*\.js|.*\.jpeg|.*\.jpg|.*\.png|.*\.htm|.*\.html|.*\.css|.*\.txt"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
The cluster uses valves to track requests to web applications, we've mentioned the ReplicationValve and the JvmRouteBinderValve above.
The &lt;Cluster&gt; element itself is not part of the pipeline in Tomcat, instead the cluster adds the valve to its parent container.
If the &lt;Cluster&gt; elements is configured in the &lt;Engine&gt; element, the valves get added to the engine and so on.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-valve.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
The default tomcat cluster supports farmed deployment, ie, the cluster can deploy and undeploy applications on the other nodes.
The state of this component is currently in flux but will be addressed soon. There was a change in the deployment algorithm
between Tomcat 5.0 and 5.5 and at that point, the logic of this component changed to where the deploy dir has to match the
webapps directory.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-deployer.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> &lt;ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/&gt;
&lt;/Cluster&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>
Since the SimpleTcpCluster itself is a sender and receiver of the Channel object, components can register themselves as listeners to
the SimpleTcpCluster. The listener above <code>ClusterSessionListener</code> listens for DeltaManager replication messages
and applies the deltas to the manager that in turn applies it to the session.
<br/>For more info, Please visit the <a href="/config/cluster-listener.html">reference documentation</a>
</p>
</div><h3 id="Cluster_Architecture">Cluster Architecture</h3><div class="text">
<p><b>Component Levels:</b></p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> Server
|
Service
|
Engine
| \
| --- Cluster --*
|
Host
|
------
/ \
Cluster Context(1-N)
| \
| -- Manager
| \
| -- DeltaManager
| -- BackupManager
|
---------------------------
| \
Channel \
----------------------------- \
| \
Interceptor_1 .. \
| \
Interceptor_N \
----------------------------- \
| | | \
Receiver Sender Membership \
-- Valve
| \
| -- ReplicationValve
| -- JvmRouteBinderValve
|
-- LifecycleListener
|
-- ClusterListener
| \
| -- ClusterSessionListener
|
-- Deployer
\
-- FarmWarDeployer
</code></pre></div>
</div><h3 id="How_it_Works">How it Works</h3><div class="text">
<p>To make it easy to understand how clustering works, We are gonna take you through a series of scenarios.
In the scenario we only plan to use two tomcat instances <code>TomcatA</code> and <code>TomcatB</code>.
We will cover the following sequence of events:</p>
<ol>
<li><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</li>
<li><code>TomcatB</code> starts up (Wait that TomcatA start is complete)</li>
<li><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, a session <code>S1</code> is created.</li>
<li><code>TomcatA</code> crashes</li>
<li><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request for session <code>S1</code></li>
<li><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</li>
<li><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, invalidate is called on the session (<code>S1</code>)</li>
<li><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request, for a new session (<code>S2</code>)</li>
<li><code>TomcatA</code> The session <code>S2</code> expires due to inactivity.</li>
</ol>
<p>Ok, now that we have a good sequence, we will take you through exactly what happens in the session replication code</p>
<ol>
<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</b>
<p>
Tomcat starts up using the standard start up sequence. When the Host object is created, a cluster object is associated with it.
When the contexts are parsed, if the distributable element is in place in web.xml
Tomcat asks the Cluster class (in this case <code>SimpleTcpCluster</code>) to create a manager
for the replicated context. So with clustering enabled, distributable set in web.xml
Tomcat will create a <code>DeltaManager</code> for that context instead of a <code>StandardManager</code>.
The cluster class will start up a membership service (multicast) and a replication service (tcp unicast).
More on the architecture further down in this document.
</p>
</li>
<li><b><code>TomcatB</code> starts up</b>
<p>
When TomcatB starts up, it follows the same sequence as TomcatA did with one exception.
The cluster is started and will establish a membership (TomcatA,TomcatB).
TomcatB will now request the session state from a server that already exists in the cluster,
in this case TomcatA. TomcatA responds to the request, and before TomcatB starts listening
for HTTP requests, the state has been transferred from TomcatA to TomcatB.
In case TomcatA doesn't respond, TomcatB will time out after 60 seconds, and issue a log
entry. The session state gets transferred for each web application that has distributable in
its web.xml. Note: To use session replication efficiently, all your tomcat instances should be
configured the same.
</p>
</li>
<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, a session <code>S1</code> is created.</b>
<p>
The request coming in to TomcatA is treated exactly the same way as without session replication.
The action happens when the request is completed, the <code>ReplicationValve</code> will intercept
the request before the response is returned to the user.
At this point it finds that the session has been modified, and it uses TCP to replicate the
session to TomcatB. Once the serialized data has been handed off to the operating systems TCP logic,
the request returns to the user, back through the valve pipeline.
For each request the entire session is replicated, this allows code that modifies attributes
in the session without calling setAttribute or removeAttribute to be replicated.
a useDirtyFlag configuration parameter can be used to optimize the number of times
a session is replicated.
</p>
</li>
<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> crashes</b>
<p>
When TomcatA crashes, TomcatB receives a notification that TomcatA has dropped out
of the cluster. TomcatB removes TomcatA from its membership list, and TomcatA will no longer
be notified of any changes that occurs in TomcatB.
The load balancer will redirect the requests from TomcatA to TomcatB and all the sessions
are current.
</p>
</li>
<li><b><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request for session <code>S1</code></b>
<p>Nothing exciting, TomcatB will process the request as any other request.
</p>
</li>
<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> starts up</b>
<p>Upon start up, before TomcatA starts taking new request and making itself
available to it will follow the start up sequence described above 1) 2).
It will join the cluster, contact TomcatB for the current state of all the sessions.
And once it receives the session state, it finishes loading and opens its HTTP/mod_jk ports.
So no requests will make it to TomcatA until it has received the session state from TomcatB.
</p>
</li>
<li><b><code>TomcatA</code> receives a request, invalidate is called on the session (<code>S1</code>)</b>
<p>The invalidate call is intercepted, and the session is queued with invalidated sessions.
When the request is complete, instead of sending out the session that has changed, it sends out
an "expire" message to TomcatB and TomcatB will invalidate the session as well.
</p>
</li>
<li><b><code>TomcatB</code> receives a request, for a new session (<code>S2</code>)</b>
<p>Same scenario as in step 3)
</p>
</li>
<li><code>TomcatA</code> The session <code>S2</code> expires due to inactivity.
<p>The invalidate call is intercepted the same was as when a session is invalidated by the user,
and the session is queued with invalidated sessions.
At this point, the invalidated session will not be replicated across until
another request comes through the system and checks the invalid queue.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Phuuuhh! :)</p>
<p><b>Membership</b>
Clustering membership is established using very simple multicast pings.
Each Tomcat instance will periodically send out a multicast ping,
in the ping message the instance will broad cast its IP and TCP listen port
for replication.
If an instance has not received such a ping within a given timeframe, the
member is considered dead. Very simple, and very effective!
Of course, you need to enable multicasting on your system.
</p>
<p><b>TCP Replication</b>
Once a multicast ping has been received, the member is added to the cluster
Upon the next replication request, the sending instance will use the host and
port info and establish a TCP socket. Using this socket it sends over the serialized data.
The reason I choose TCP sockets is because it has built in flow control and guaranteed delivery.
So I know, when I send some data, it will make it there :)
</p>
<p><b>Distributed locking and pages using frames</b>
Tomcat does not keep session instances in sync across the cluster.
The implementation of such logic would be to much overhead and cause all
kinds of problems. If your client accesses the same session
simultaneously using multiple requests, then the last request
will override the other sessions in the cluster.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Monitoring_your_Cluster_with_JMX">Monitoring your Cluster with JMX</h3><div class="text">
<p>Monitoring is a very important question when you use a cluster. Some of the cluster objects are JMX MBeans </p>
<p>Add the following parameter to your startup script with Java 5:</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>set CATALINA_OPTS=\
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=%my.jmx.port% \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false \
-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false</code></pre></div>
<p>
List of Cluster Mbeans
</p>
<table class="defaultTable">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>MBean ObjectName - Engine</th>
<th>MBean ObjectName - Host</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cluster</td>
<td>The complete cluster element</td>
<td><code>type=Cluster</code></td>
<td><code>type=Cluster,host=${HOST}</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>DeltaManager</td>
<td>This manager control the sessions and handle session replication </td>
<td><code>type=Manager,context=${APP.CONTEXT.PATH}, host=${HOST}</code></td>
<td><code>type=Manager,context=${APP.CONTEXT.PATH}, host=${HOST}</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>FarmWarDeployer</td>
<td>Manages the process of deploying an application to all nodes in the cluster</td>
<td>Not supported</td>
<td><code>type=Cluster, host=${HOST}, component=deployer</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Member</td>
<td>Represents a node in the cluster</td>
<td>type=Cluster, component=member, name=${NODE_NAME}</td>
<td><code>type=Cluster, host=${HOST}, component=member, name=${NODE_NAME}</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ReplicationValve</td>
<td>This valve control the replication to the backup nodes</td>
<td><code>type=Valve,name=ReplicationValve</code></td>
<td><code>type=Valve,name=ReplicationValve,host=${HOST}</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>JvmRouteBinderValve</td>
<td>This is a cluster fallback valve to change the Session ID to the current tomcat jvmroute.</td>
<td><code>type=Valve,name=JvmRouteBinderValve,
context=${APP.CONTEXT.PATH}</code></td>
<td><code>type=Valve,name=JvmRouteBinderValve,host=${HOST},
context=${APP.CONTEXT.PATH}</code></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div><h3 id="FAQ">FAQ</h3><div class="text">
<p>Please see <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ/Clustering">the clustering section of the FAQ</a>.</p>
</div><div class="noprint"><h3 id="comments_section">
Comments
</h3><div class="text"><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /loader.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /cluster-deployer.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /tribes/introduction.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /class-loader-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /web-socket-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /resources.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /executor.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /servletapi/index.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /rewrite.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /images/update.gif</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /cluster-channel.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /http.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/valve.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /connectors.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /security-manager-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /introduction.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /images/code.gif</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /processes.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/engine.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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body {font-family:Arial, FreeSans;margin:0;padding:0;}
h1 {font-size:32px}
h2 {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-size:25px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}
.center {margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
#content .text-center {text-align:center}
#container .title {text-align:center;margin-bottom:5px;padding-bottom:0;}
.subtitle {font-size:22px;color:#9a9a9a;text-align:center;margin:0 auto;display:block;}
.clear {clear:both}
.center {margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}
#container {background: url(./img/plain-background.png) top center no-repeat;width:100%;min-height:1000px;*position:relative;}
.container-virtual-applicances#container {background: url(./img/plain-background.png) top center no-repeat;width:100%;min-height:1000px;background-position:center -190px}
#header {background:#fff;height:75px;width:100%;}
#dashboard-content {margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:15px;width:780px}
#dashboard-slogan {margin-top:30px;float:left;display:block;width:520px}
#dashboard-slogan h1 {font-size:40px;margin-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}
#dashboard-slogan p {margin-top:0.5em;font-size:1.4em;}
.dashboard-button-big {text-align:center;font-size:22px;background:url(./img/dashboard-button-big.gif) top left;background-repeat: no-repeat;width:227px;height:50px;padding-top:10px;margin-left:4%;margin-top:10px;}
.dashboard-button-big a {padding-right:20px;display:block;text-decoration:none}
.dashboard-button-big a:link {color:black}
.dashboard-button-big a:visited {color:black}
.dashboard-button-big a:hover {color:#5a5a5a}
#dashboard-right-area {float:right;margin-top:30px;}
/* Launch Page CSS */
#container .launch-page {margin-top:0;_height:1000px;padding-top:50px}
#container .launch-slogan {width:400px}
#container .launch-button {font-size:22px;background:url(./img/launch-button-big.gif) top left;background-repeat: no-repeat;width:300px;height:50px;padding-top:11px;margin-left:4%;margin-top:10px;}
#container .launch-button a {color:black}
#container .launch-button-green {font-size:22px;background:url(./img/launch-button-big-green.gif) top left;background-repeat: no-repeat;}
#container .launch-button-green a {color:white}
/* Applications Launch Page CSS */
#container .applications-launch-page {width:500px;padding-top:30px;}
#container .applications-launch-page h1 {margin-top:0}
.plain-background#container {background: url(./img/plain-background.png) top center no-repeat ;width:100%;min-height:1000px;}
.applications-launch-page #content {padding-left:0px;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;line-height:1.3em;text-align:center}
.applications-title {text-align:center;padding-top:0px}
.module_table {margin-bottom:15px}
.module_content {text-align:left;width:509px;_width:507px;border-left:1px solid #bababf;border-right:1px solid #bababf;padding:0;margin:0;background:#fff}
.module_content_right {width:100%}
.module_content table img {padding-left:22px}
.module_content table {width:100%}
.module_content h2 {font-size:18px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;padding-left:14px;float:left;}
.module_folder {padding-left:12px;max-width:280px;float:right;display:block;padding-right:16px;font-size:10px;padding-bottom:4px;text-align:right;margin-right:0;clear:right}
.module_content p {clear:left;padding-left:14px;padding-right:18px;}
.module_access {clear:right;font-size:14px;margin-right:0px;padding-right:16px;padding-top:12px;margin-bottom:6px}
.module_access a {text-decoration: underline !important;}
.tableParagraph {width:700px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;text-align:left}
.tableParagraph img {margin-right:12px;margin-bottom:12px}
.virtual-appliances-logo-block {font-size:21px;line-height:28px;width:450px;}
.virtual-appliances-logo-block img {margin-right:20px}
/*
.va-components-row {padding-bottom:20px;min-width:440px;}
.va-components-row img {margin-right:12px;}
*/
#container .get_started_ami_landing {width:200px;float:right}
#container .get_started_ami_landing img {width:200px;height:96px;margin-top:0px}
#container .landing-info-quad-title {font-size:26px;display:block;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;color :green }
.bitnami-ami-landing-info-quad-top-yellow-spaced {background: url(./img/bitnami-ami-landing-info-quad-top-yellow-spaced.png) top center no-repeat;width:600px;height:20px;margin-top:30px;_background: url(./img/bitnami-ami-landing-info-quad-top-yellow-spaced.png) bottom center no-repeat;}
.bitnami-ami-landing-info-quad-bottom-yellow-spaced {background: url(./img/bitnami-ami-landing-info-quad-bottom-yellow-spaced.png) top center no-repeat ;width:600px;height:20px;}
.bitnami-ami-landing-info-quad-middle-yellow-spaced {background-color: #f6f2c3;width:550px;padding-left:25px;padding-right:25px;padding-top:8px;font-size:16px;line-height:22px;padding-bottom:20px}
/* theme download */
.center-element {margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
#container .green-round-quad {width:430px;background: #80c33a;position:relative;color:#fff;height:112px;font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;line-height:20px;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
#container .green-round-quad .info-side {width:260px;text-align:left;margin:0;padding:20px}
#container .green-round-quad .info-side a {text-align:center;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;display:box;line-height:32px}
#container .green-round-quad a , #container .green-round-quad a :link , #container .green-round-quad a:visited {color:#fff;}
.green-round-quad .top-left, .green-round-quad .top-right, .green-round-quad .bottom-left, .green-round-quad .bottom-right {width:11px;height:11px;padding:0;margin:0;position:absolute;z-index:30;border:0;background-repeat: no-repeat;_background:none;}
.green-round-quad .top-left {left:0px;top:0px;background:url(./img/green-quad-top-left.png) top left;}
.green-round-quad .top-right {right:0px;top:0px;background:url(./img/green-quad-top-right.png) top left;}
.green-round-quad .bottom-left {left:0px;bottom:0px;background:url(./img/green-quad-bottom-left.png) top left;}
.green-round-quad .bottom-right {right:0px;bottom:0px;background:url(./img/green-quad-bottom-right.png) top left;}
.theme-icon-button {position:absolute;right:0;top:-13px;z-index:40;display:box;}
.ami-landing-lower {background:url(./img/ami-lower-container.png) top left;background-repeat:repeat-x;min-height:200px;}
.ami-landing-lower a:visited, .ami-landing-lower-title a:link {color:blue}
.ami-landing-lower-title {font-size:24px;font-weight:bold;padding-top:50px}
.ami-landing-lower-content {margin-top:15px;width:870px;margin:0 auto;font-size:19px;}
.ami-landing-lower-content ul {list-style-type:none;position:relative;width:400px;padding-left:14px;float:left}
.ami-landing-lower-content li {background:url(./img/ami-list-item.png) top left;background-repeat:no-repeat;vertical-align:middle;margin-bottom:8px;padding-left:20px;background-position:0 11px}
.bch-screenshot {display:inline-block;float:right;margin-top:55px}
.ami-landing-lower-buttons {position:relative;width:800px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
.ami-landing-lower-buttons .learn-more {position:relative;top:0}
.ami-landing-lower-buttons .get-started {margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:10px;display:block;text-align:center}
.ami-landing-lower-buttons .get-started img {padding-bottom:40px}

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /apr.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</title>
<link href="/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/x-icon"/>
<link href="/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon"/>
<link href="/tomcat.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div class="curved container" id="navigation">
<span id="nav-home"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/">Home</a></span>
<span id="nav-hosts"><a href="/docs/">Documentation</a></span>
<span id="nav-config"><a href="/docs/config/">Configuration</a></span>
<span id="nav-examples"><a href="/examples/">Examples</a></span>
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<span id="nav-help"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a></span>
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<h1>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h1>
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<div class="curved container" id="congrats">
<h2>If you're seeing this, you've successfully installed Tomcat. Congratulations!</h2>
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<img alt="[tomcat logo]" src="/tomcat.png"/>
<div id="tasks">
<h3>Recommended Reading:</h3>
<h4><a href="/docs/security-howto.html">Security Considerations HOW-TO</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/manager-howto.html">Manager Application HOW-TO</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/cluster-howto.html">Clustering/Session Replication HOW-TO</a></h4>
</div>
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<div class="button">
<a class="container shadow" href="/manager/status"><span>Server Status</span></a>
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<h3>Managing Tomcat</h3>
<p>For security, access to the <a href="/manager/html">manager webapp</a> is restricted.
Users are defined in:</p>
<pre>$CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml</pre>
<p>In Tomcat 8.5 access to the manager application is split between
different users.   <a href="/docs/manager-howto.html">Read more...</a></p>
<br/>
<h4><a href="/docs/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></h4>
<h4><a href="/docs/changelog.html">Changelog</a></h4>
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<p>Find additional important configuration information in:</p>
<pre>$CATALINA_HOME/RUNNING.txt</pre>
<p>Developers may be interested in:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/bugreport.html">Tomcat 8.5 Bug Database</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/api/index.html">Tomcat 8.5 JavaDocs</a></li>
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User support and discussion
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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /balancer-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /jndi-resources-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /server.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /cluster-receiver.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /api/index.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/filter.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /windows-service-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /realm-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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</script></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="/images/tomcat.png"/></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="http://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img alt="The Apache Software Foundation" src="/images/asf-logo.svg" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"/></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8</h1><div class="versionInfo">
Version 8.5.32,
<time datetime="2018-06-20">Jun 20 2018</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div class="noprint" id="mainLeft"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="/index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="/introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="/appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="/deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="/manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="/host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="/realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="/security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="/class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="/jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="/ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="/ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="/cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="/proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="/default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="/cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="/balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="/connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="/monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="/logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="/apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="/virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="/aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="/extras.html">27) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="/maven-jars.html">28) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="/security-howto.html">29) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="/windows-service-howto.html">30) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="/windows-auth-howto.html">31) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="/jdbc-pool.html">32) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="/web-socket-howto.html">33) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="/rewrite.html">34) Rewrite</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="/config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="/api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="/building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="/changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="/developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="/architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="/funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="/tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>JNDI Datasource HOW-TO</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#DriverManager,_the_service_provider_mechanism_and_memory_leaks">DriverManager, the service provider mechanism and memory leaks</a></li><li><a href="#Database_Connection_Pool_(DBCP_2)_Configurations">Database Connection Pool (DBCP 2) Configurations</a><ol><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#Preventing_database_connection_pool_leaks">Preventing database connection pool leaks</a></li><li><a href="#MySQL_DBCP_Example">MySQL DBCP Example</a></li><li><a href="#Oracle_8i,_9i_&amp;_10g">Oracle 8i, 9i &amp; 10g</a></li><li><a href="#PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Non-DBCP_Solutions">Non-DBCP Solutions</a></li><li><a href="#Oracle_8i_with_OCI_client">Oracle 8i with OCI client</a><ol><li><a href="#Oracle_8i_with_OCI_client/Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Putting_it_all_together">Putting it all together</a></li></ol></li><li><a href="#Common_Problems">Common Problems</a><ol><li><a href="#Intermittent_Database_Connection_Failures">Intermittent Database Connection Failures</a></li><li><a href="#Random_Connection_Closed_Exceptions">Random Connection Closed Exceptions</a></li><li><a href="#Context_versus_GlobalNamingResources">Context versus GlobalNamingResources</a></li><li><a href="#JNDI_Resource_Naming_and_Realm_Interaction">JNDI Resource Naming and Realm Interaction</a></li></ol></li></ul>
</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
<p>JNDI Datasource configuration is covered extensively in the
JNDI-Resources-HOWTO. However, feedback from <code>tomcat-user</code> has
shown that specifics for individual configurations can be rather tricky.</p>
<p>Here then are some example configurations that have been posted to
tomcat-user for popular databases and some general tips for db usage.</p>
<p>You should be aware that since these notes are derived from configuration
and/or feedback posted to <code>tomcat-user</code> YMMV :-). Please let us
know if you have any other tested configurations that you feel may be of use
to the wider audience, or if you feel we can improve this section in anyway.</p>
<p>
<b>Please note that JNDI resource configuration changed somewhat between
Tomcat 7.x and Tomcat 8.x as they are using different versions of
Apache Commons DBCP library.</b> You will most likely need to modify older
JNDI resource configurations to match the syntax in the example below in order
to make them work in Tomcat 8.
See <a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/migration.html">Tomcat Migration Guide</a>
for details.
</p>
<p>
Also, please note that JNDI DataSource configuration in general, and this
tutorial in particular, assumes that you have read and understood the
<a href="/config/context.html">Context</a> and
<a href="/config/host.html">Host</a> configuration references, including
the section about Automatic Application Deployment in the latter reference.
</p>
</div><h3 id="DriverManager,_the_service_provider_mechanism_and_memory_leaks">DriverManager, the service provider mechanism and memory leaks</h3><div class="text">
<p><code>java.sql.DriverManager</code> supports the
<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/index.html?java/sql/DriverManager.html">service
provider</a> mechanism. This feature is that all the available JDBC drivers
that announce themselves by providing a <code>META-INF/services/java.sql.Driver</code>
file are automatically discovered, loaded and registered,
relieving you from the need to load the database driver explicitly before
you create a JDBC connection.
However, the implementation is fundamentally broken in all Java versions for
a servlet container environment. The problem is that
<code>java.sql.DriverManager</code> will scan for the drivers only once.</p>
<p>The <a href="/config/listeners.html">JRE Memory Leak Prevention Listener</a>
that is included with Apache Tomcat solves this by triggering the drivers scan
during Tomcat startup. This is enabled by default. It means that only
libraries visible to the listener such as the ones in
<code>$CATALINA_BASE/lib</code> will be scanned for database drivers.
If you are considering disabling this feature, note that
the scan would be triggered by the first web application that is
using JDBC, leading to failures when this web application is reloaded
and for other web applications that rely on this feature.
</p>
<p>Thus, the web applications that have database drivers in their
<code>WEB-INF/lib</code> directory cannot rely on the service provider
mechanism and should register the drivers explicitly.</p>
<p>The list of drivers in <code>java.sql.DriverManager</code> is also
a known source of memory leaks. Any Drivers registered
by a web application must be deregistered when the web application stops.
Tomcat will attempt to automatically discover and deregister any
JDBC drivers loaded by the web application class loader when the web
application stops.
However, it is expected that applications do this for themselves via
a <code>ServletContextListener</code>.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Database_Connection_Pool_(DBCP_2)_Configurations">Database Connection Pool (DBCP 2) Configurations</h3><div class="text">
<p>The default database connection pool implementation in Apache Tomcat
relies on the libraries from the
<a href="http://commons.apache.org/">Apache Commons</a> project.
The following libraries are used:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Commons DBCP</li>
<li>Commons Pool</li>
</ul>
<p>
These libraries are located in a single JAR at
<code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib/tomcat-dbcp.jar</code>. However,
only the classes needed for connection pooling have been included, and the
packages have been renamed to avoid interfering with applications.
</p>
<p>DBCP 2.0 provides support for JDBC 4.1.</p>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Installation">Installation</h4><div class="text">
<p>See the <a href="http://commons.apache.org/dbcp/configuration.html">
DBCP documentation</a> for a complete list of configuration parameters.
</p>
</div></div>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Preventing_database_connection_pool_leaks">Preventing database connection pool leaks</h4><div class="text">
<p>
A database connection pool creates and manages a pool of connections
to a database. Recycling and reusing already existing connections
to a database is more efficient than opening a new connection.
</p>
<p>
There is one problem with connection pooling. A web application has
to explicitly close ResultSet's, Statement's, and Connection's.
Failure of a web application to close these resources can result in
them never being available again for reuse, a database connection pool "leak".
This can eventually result in your web application database connections failing
if there are no more available connections.</p>
<p>
There is a solution to this problem. The Apache Commons DBCP can be
configured to track and recover these abandoned database connections. Not
only can it recover them, but also generate a stack trace for the code
which opened these resources and never closed them.</p>
<p>
To configure a DBCP DataSource so that abandoned database connections are
removed and recycled, add one or both of the following attributes to the
<code>Resource</code> configuration for your DBCP DataSource:
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>removeAbandonedOnBorrow=true</code></pre></div>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>removeAbandonedOnMaintenance=true</code></pre></div>
<p> The default for both of these attributes is <code>false</code>. Note that
<code>removeAbandonedOnMaintenance</code> has no effect unless pool
maintenance is enabled by setting <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</code>
to a positive value. See the
<a href="http://commons.apache.org/dbcp/configuration.html">
DBCP documentation</a> for full documentation on these attributes.
</p>
<p>
Use the <code>removeAbandonedTimeout</code> attribute to set the number
of seconds a database connection has been idle before it is considered abandoned.
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>removeAbandonedTimeout="60"</code></pre></div>
<p>
The default timeout for removing abandoned connections is 300 seconds.
</p>
<p>
The <code>logAbandoned</code> attribute can be set to <code>true</code>
if you want DBCP to log a stack trace of the code which abandoned the
database connection resources.
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>logAbandoned="true"</code></pre></div>
<p>
The default is <code>false</code>.
</p>
</div></div>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="MySQL_DBCP_Example">MySQL DBCP Example</h4><div class="text">
<h5>0. Introduction</h5>
<p>Versions of <a href="http://www.mysql.com/products/mysql/index.html">MySQL</a> and JDBC
drivers that have been reported to work:
</p>
<ul>
<li>MySQL 3.23.47, MySQL 3.23.47 using InnoDB,, MySQL 3.23.58, MySQL 4.0.1alpha</li>
<li><a href="http://www.mysql.com/products/connector-j">Connector/J</a> 3.0.11-stable (the official JDBC Driver)</li>
<li><a href="http://mmmysql.sourceforge.net">mm.mysql</a> 2.0.14 (an old 3rd party JDBC Driver)</li>
</ul>
<p>Before you proceed, don't forget to copy the JDBC Driver's jar into <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>.</p>
<h5>1. MySQL configuration</h5>
<p>
Ensure that you follow these instructions as variations can cause problems.
</p>
<p>Create a new test user, a new database and a single test table.
Your MySQL user <strong>must</strong> have a password assigned. The driver
will fail if you try to connect with an empty password.
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>mysql&gt; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO javauser@localhost
-&gt; IDENTIFIED BY 'javadude' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql&gt; create database javatest;
mysql&gt; use javatest;
mysql&gt; create table testdata (
-&gt; id int not null auto_increment primary key,
-&gt; foo varchar(25),
-&gt; bar int);</code></pre></div>
<blockquote>
<strong>Note:</strong> the above user should be removed once testing is
complete!
</blockquote>
<p>Next insert some test data into the testdata table.
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>mysql&gt; insert into testdata values(null, 'hello', 12345);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql&gt; select * from testdata;
+----+-------+-------+
| ID | FOO | BAR |
+----+-------+-------+
| 1 | hello | 12345 |
+----+-------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql&gt;</code></pre></div>
<h5>2. Context configuration</h5>
<p>Configure the JNDI DataSource in Tomcat by adding a declaration for your
resource to your <a href="/config/context.html">Context</a>.</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
&lt;!-- maxTotal: Maximum number of database connections in pool. Make sure you
configure your mysqld max_connections large enough to handle
all of your db connections. Set to -1 for no limit.
--&gt;
&lt;!-- maxIdle: Maximum number of idle database connections to retain in pool.
Set to -1 for no limit. See also the DBCP documentation on this
and the minEvictableIdleTimeMillis configuration parameter.
--&gt;
&lt;!-- maxWaitMillis: Maximum time to wait for a database connection to become available
in ms, in this example 10 seconds. An Exception is thrown if
this timeout is exceeded. Set to -1 to wait indefinitely.
--&gt;
&lt;!-- username and password: MySQL username and password for database connections --&gt;
&lt;!-- driverClassName: Class name for the old mm.mysql JDBC driver is
org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver - we recommend using Connector/J though.
Class name for the official MySQL Connector/J driver is com.mysql.jdbc.Driver.
--&gt;
&lt;!-- url: The JDBC connection url for connecting to your MySQL database.
--&gt;
&lt;Resource name="jdbc/TestDB" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"
maxTotal="100" maxIdle="30" maxWaitMillis="10000"
username="javauser" password="javadude" driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/javatest"/&gt;
&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
<h5>3. web.xml configuration</h5>
<p>Now create a <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> for this test application.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"
version="2.4"&gt;
&lt;description&gt;MySQL Test App&lt;/description&gt;
&lt;resource-ref&gt;
&lt;description&gt;DB Connection&lt;/description&gt;
&lt;res-ref-name&gt;jdbc/TestDB&lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
&lt;res-type&gt;javax.sql.DataSource&lt;/res-type&gt;
&lt;res-auth&gt;Container&lt;/res-auth&gt;
&lt;/resource-ref&gt;
&lt;/web-app&gt;</code></pre></div>
<h5>4. Test code</h5>
<p>Now create a simple <code>test.jsp</code> page for use later.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql" prefix="sql" %&gt;
&lt;%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %&gt;
&lt;sql:query var="rs" dataSource="jdbc/TestDB"&gt;
select id, foo, bar from testdata
&lt;/sql:query&gt;
&lt;html&gt;
&lt;head&gt;
&lt;title&gt;DB Test&lt;/title&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;Results&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;c:forEach var="row" items="${rs.rows}"&gt;
Foo ${row.foo}&lt;br/&gt;
Bar ${row.bar}&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;/c:forEach&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</code></pre></div>
<p>That JSP page makes use of
<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/index-jsp-135995.html">JSTL</a>'s
SQL and Core taglibs. You can get it from
<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/taglibs/standard/">Apache Tomcat Taglibs - Standard Tag Library</a>
project — just make sure you get a 1.1.x or later release. Once you have
JSTL, copy <code>jstl.jar</code> and <code>standard.jar</code> to your web app's
<code>WEB-INF/lib</code> directory.
</p>
<p>Finally deploy your web app into <code>$CATALINA_BASE/webapps</code> either
as a warfile called <code>DBTest.war</code> or into a sub-directory called
<code>DBTest</code></p>
<p>Once deployed, point a browser at
<code>http://localhost:8080/DBTest/test.jsp</code> to view the fruits of
your hard work.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Oracle_8i,_9i_&amp;_10g">Oracle 8i, 9i &amp; 10g</h4><div class="text">
<h5>0. Introduction</h5>
<p>Oracle requires minimal changes from the MySQL configuration except for the
usual gotchas :-)</p>
<p>Drivers for older Oracle versions may be distributed as *.zip files rather
than *.jar files. Tomcat will only use <code>*.jar</code> files installed in
<code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>. Therefore <code>classes111.zip</code>
or <code>classes12.zip</code> will need to be renamed with a <code>.jar</code>
extension. Since jarfiles are zipfiles, there is no need to unzip and jar these
files - a simple rename will suffice.</p>
<p>For Oracle 9i onwards you should use <code>oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver</code>
rather than <code>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</code> as Oracle have stated
that <code>oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</code> is deprecated and support
for this driver class will be discontinued in the next major release.
</p>
<h5>1. Context configuration</h5>
<p>In a similar manner to the mysql config above, you will need to define your
Datasource in your <a href="/config/context.html">Context</a>. Here we define a
Datasource called myoracle using the thin driver to connect as user scott,
password tiger to the sid called mysid. (Note: with the thin driver this sid is
not the same as the tnsname). The schema used will be the default schema for the
user scott.</p>
<p>Use of the OCI driver should simply involve a changing thin to oci in the URL string.
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resource name="jdbc/myoracle" auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver"
url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:mysid"
username="scott" password="tiger" maxTotal="20" maxIdle="10"
maxWaitMillis="-1"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
<h5>2. web.xml configuration</h5>
<p>You should ensure that you respect the element ordering defined by the DTD when you
create you applications web.xml file.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;
&lt;description&gt;Oracle Datasource example&lt;/description&gt;
&lt;res-ref-name&gt;jdbc/myoracle&lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
&lt;res-type&gt;javax.sql.DataSource&lt;/res-type&gt;
&lt;res-auth&gt;Container&lt;/res-auth&gt;
&lt;/resource-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
<h5>3. Code example</h5>
<p>You can use the same example application as above (assuming you create the required DB
instance, tables etc.) replacing the Datasource code with something like</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>Context initContext = new InitialContext();
Context envContext = (Context)initContext.lookup("java:/comp/env");
DataSource ds = (DataSource)envContext.lookup("jdbc/myoracle");
Connection conn = ds.getConnection();
//etc.</code></pre></div>
</div></div>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</h4><div class="text">
<h5>0. Introduction</h5>
<p>PostgreSQL is configured in a similar manner to Oracle.</p>
<h5>1. Required files </h5>
<p>
Copy the Postgres JDBC jar to $CATALINA_HOME/lib. As with Oracle, the
jars need to be in this directory in order for DBCP's Classloader to find
them. This has to be done regardless of which configuration step you take next.
</p>
<h5>2. Resource configuration</h5>
<p>
You have two choices here: define a datasource that is shared across all Tomcat
applications, or define a datasource specifically for one application.
</p>
<h6>2a. Shared resource configuration</h6>
<p>
Use this option if you wish to define a datasource that is shared across
multiple Tomcat applications, or if you just prefer defining your datasource
in this file.
</p>
<p><i>This author has not had success here, although others have reported so.
Clarification would be appreciated here.</i></p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Resource name="jdbc/postgres" auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="org.postgresql.Driver"
url="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/mydb"
username="myuser" password="mypasswd" maxTotal="20" maxIdle="10" maxWaitMillis="-1"/&gt;</code></pre></div>
<h6>2b. Application-specific resource configuration</h6>
<p>
Use this option if you wish to define a datasource specific to your application,
not visible to other Tomcat applications. This method is less invasive to your
Tomcat installation.
</p>
<p>
Create a resource definition for your <a href="/config/context.html">Context</a>.
The Context element should look something like the following.
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;Context&gt;
&lt;Resource name="jdbc/postgres" auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="org.postgresql.Driver"
url="jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/mydb"
username="myuser" password="mypasswd" maxTotal="20" maxIdle="10"
maxWaitMillis="-1"/&gt;
&lt;/Context&gt;</code></pre></div>
<h5>3. web.xml configuration</h5>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>&lt;resource-ref&gt;
&lt;description&gt;postgreSQL Datasource example&lt;/description&gt;
&lt;res-ref-name&gt;jdbc/postgres&lt;/res-ref-name&gt;
&lt;res-type&gt;javax.sql.DataSource&lt;/res-type&gt;
&lt;res-auth&gt;Container&lt;/res-auth&gt;
&lt;/resource-ref&gt;</code></pre></div>
<h5>4. Accessing the datasource</h5>
<p>
When accessing the datasource programmatically, remember to prepend
<code>java:/comp/env</code> to your JNDI lookup, as in the following snippet of
code. Note also that "jdbc/postgres" can be replaced with any value you prefer, provided
you change it in the above resource definition file as well.
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>InitialContext cxt = new InitialContext();
if ( cxt == null ) {
throw new Exception("Uh oh -- no context!");
}
DataSource ds = (DataSource) cxt.lookup( "java:/comp/env/jdbc/postgres" );
if ( ds == null ) {
throw new Exception("Data source not found!");
}</code></pre></div>
</div></div>
</div><h3 id="Non-DBCP_Solutions">Non-DBCP Solutions</h3><div class="text">
<p>
These solutions either utilise a single connection to the database (not recommended for anything other
than testing!) or some other pooling technology.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Oracle_8i_with_OCI_client">Oracle 8i with OCI client</h3><div class="text">
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Oracle_8i_with_OCI_client/Introduction">Introduction</h4><div class="text">
<p>Whilst not strictly addressing the creation of a JNDI DataSource using the OCI client, these notes can be combined with the
Oracle and DBCP solution above.</p>
<p>
In order to use OCI driver, you should have an Oracle client installed. You should have installed
Oracle8i(8.1.7) client from cd, and download the suitable JDBC/OCI
driver(Oracle8i 8.1.7.1 JDBC/OCI Driver) from <a href="http://otn.oracle.com/">otn.oracle.com</a>.
</p>
<p>
After renaming <code>classes12.zip</code> file to <code>classes12.jar</code>
for Tomcat, copy it into <code>$CATALINA_HOME/lib</code>.
You may also have to remove the <code>javax.sql.*</code> classes
from this file depending upon the version of Tomcat and JDK you are using.
</p>
</div></div>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Putting_it_all_together">Putting it all together</h4><div class="text">
<p>
Ensure that you have the <code>ocijdbc8.dll</code> or <code>.so</code> in your <code>$PATH</code> or <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>
(possibly in <code>$ORAHOME\bin</code>) and also confirm that the native library can be loaded by a simple test program
using <code>System.loadLibrary("ocijdbc8");</code>
</p>
<p>
You should next create a simple test servlet or jsp that has these
<strong>critical lines</strong>:
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>DriverManager.registerDriver(new
oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver());
conn =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:oci8:@database","username","password");</code></pre></div>
<p>
where database is of the form <code>host:port:SID</code> Now if you try to access the URL of your
test servlet/jsp and what you get is a
<code>ServletException</code> with a root cause of <code>java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError:get_env_handle</code>.
</p>
<p>
First, the <code>UnsatisfiedLinkError</code> indicates that you have
</p>
<ul>
<li>a mismatch between your JDBC classes file and
your Oracle client version. The giveaway here is the message stating that a needed library file cannot be
found. For example, you may be using a classes12.zip file from Oracle Version 8.1.6 with a Version 8.1.5
Oracle client. The classesXXX.zip file and Oracle client software versions must match.
</li>
<li>A <code>$PATH</code>, <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code> problem.</li>
<li>It has been reported that ignoring the driver you have downloaded from otn and using
the classes12.zip file from the directory <code>$ORAHOME\jdbc\lib</code> will also work.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Next you may experience the error <code>ORA-06401 NETCMN: invalid driver designator</code>
</p>
<p>
The Oracle documentation says : "Cause: The login (connect) string contains an invalid
driver designator. Action: Correct the string and re-submit."
Change the database connect string (of the form <code>host:port:SID</code>) with this one:
<code>(description=(address=(host=myhost)(protocol=tcp)(port=1521))(connect_data=(sid=orcl)))</code>
</p>
<p>
<i>Ed. Hmm, I don't think this is really needed if you sort out your TNSNames - but I'm not an Oracle DBA :-)</i>
</p>
</div></div>
</div><h3 id="Common_Problems">Common Problems</h3><div class="text">
<p>Here are some common problems encountered with a web application which
uses a database and tips for how to solve them.</p>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Intermittent_Database_Connection_Failures">Intermittent Database Connection Failures</h4><div class="text">
<p>
Tomcat runs within a JVM. The JVM periodically performs garbage collection
(GC) to remove java objects which are no longer being used. When the JVM
performs GC execution of code within Tomcat freezes. If the maximum time
configured for establishment of a database connection is less than the amount
of time garbage collection took you can get a database connection failure.
</p>
<p>To collect data on how long garbage collection is taking add the
<code>-verbose:gc</code> argument to your <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code>
environment variable when starting Tomcat. When verbose gc is enabled
your <code>$CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out</code> log file will include
data for every garbage collection including how long it took.</p>
<p>When your JVM is tuned correctly 99% of the time a GC will take less
than one second. The remainder will only take a few seconds. Rarely,
if ever should a GC take more than 10 seconds.</p>
<p>Make sure that the db connection timeout is set to 10-15 seconds.
For the DBCP you set this using the parameter <code>maxWaitMillis</code>.</p>
</div></div>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Random_Connection_Closed_Exceptions">Random Connection Closed Exceptions</h4><div class="text">
<p>
These can occur when one request gets a db connection from the connection
pool and closes it twice. When using a connection pool, closing the
connection just returns it to the pool for reuse by another request,
it doesn't close the connection. And Tomcat uses multiple threads to
handle concurrent requests. Here is an example of the sequence
of events which could cause this error in Tomcat:
</p>
<pre>
Request 1 running in Thread 1 gets a db connection.
Request 1 closes the db connection.
The JVM switches the running thread to Thread 2
Request 2 running in Thread 2 gets a db connection
(the same db connection just closed by Request 1).
The JVM switches the running thread back to Thread 1
Request 1 closes the db connection a second time in a finally block.
The JVM switches the running thread back to Thread 2
Request 2 Thread 2 tries to use the db connection but fails
because Request 1 closed it.
</pre>
<p>
Here is an example of properly written code to use a database connection
obtained from a connection pool:
</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code> Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null; // Or PreparedStatement if needed
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = ... get connection from connection pool ...
stmt = conn.createStatement("select ...");
rs = stmt.executeQuery();
... iterate through the result set ...
rs.close();
rs = null;
stmt.close();
stmt = null;
conn.close(); // Return to connection pool
conn = null; // Make sure we don't close it twice
} catch (SQLException e) {
... deal with errors ...
} finally {
// Always make sure result sets and statements are closed,
// and the connection is returned to the pool
if (rs != null) {
try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { ; }
rs = null;
}
if (stmt != null) {
try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { ; }
stmt = null;
}
if (conn != null) {
try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { ; }
conn = null;
}
}</code></pre></div>
</div></div>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="Context_versus_GlobalNamingResources">Context versus GlobalNamingResources</h4><div class="text">
<p>
Please note that although the above instructions place the JNDI declarations in a Context
element, it is possible and sometimes desirable to place these declarations in the
<a href="/config/globalresources.html">GlobalNamingResources</a> section of the server
configuration file. A resource placed in the GlobalNamingResources section will be shared
among the Contexts of the server.
</p>
</div></div>
<div class="subsection"><h4 id="JNDI_Resource_Naming_and_Realm_Interaction">JNDI Resource Naming and Realm Interaction</h4><div class="text">
<p>
In order to get Realms to work, the realm must refer to the datasource as
defined in the &lt;GlobalNamingResources&gt; or &lt;Context&gt; section, not a datasource as renamed
using &lt;ResourceLink&gt;.
</p>
</div></div>
</div><div class="noprint"><h3 id="comments_section">
Comments
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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /img/dashboard-button-big.gif</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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<title>Apache Tomcat Examples</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<h3>Apache Tomcat Examples</h3>
<p></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/servlets">Servlets examples</a></li>
<li><a href="/jsp">JSP Examples</a></li>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>403 Access Denied</title>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
BODY {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;font-size:12px;}
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<body>
<h1>403 Access Denied</h1>
<p>
You are not authorized to view this page.
</p>
<p>
By default the Manager is only accessible from a browser running on the
same machine as Tomcat. If you wish to modify this restriction, you'll need
to edit the Manager's <tt>context.xml</tt> file.
</p>
<p>
If you have already configured the Manager application to allow access and
you have used your browsers back button, used a saved book-mark or similar
then you may have triggered the cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection
that has been enabled for the HTML interface of the Manager application. You
will need to reset this protection by returning to the
<a href="/manager/html">main Manager page</a>. Once you
return to this page, you will be able to continue using the Manager
application's HTML interface normally. If you continue to see this access
denied message, check that you have the necessary permissions to access this
application.
</p>
<p>
If you have not changed
any configuration files, please examine the file
<tt>conf/tomcat-users.xml</tt> in your installation. That
file must contain the credentials to let you use this webapp.
</p>
<p>
For example, to add the <tt>manager-gui</tt> role to a user named
<tt>tomcat</tt> with a password of <tt>s3cret</tt>, add the following to the
config file listed above.
</p>
<pre>
&lt;role rolename="manager-gui"/&gt;
&lt;user username="tomcat" password="s3cret" roles="manager-gui"/&gt;
</pre>
<p>
Note that for Tomcat 7 onwards, the roles required to use the manager
application were changed from the single <tt>manager</tt> role to the
following four roles. You will need to assign the role(s) required for
the functionality you wish to access.
</p>
<ul>
<li><tt>manager-gui</tt> - allows access to the HTML GUI and the status
pages</li>
<li><tt>manager-script</tt> - allows access to the text interface and the
status pages</li>
<li><tt>manager-jmx</tt> - allows access to the JMX proxy and the status
pages</li>
<li><tt>manager-status</tt> - allows access to the status pages only</li>
</ul>
<p>
The HTML interface is protected against CSRF but the text and JMX interfaces
are not. To maintain the CSRF protection:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Users with the <tt>manager-gui</tt> role should not be granted either
the <tt>manager-script</tt> or <tt>manager-jmx</tt> roles.</li>
<li>If the text or jmx interfaces are accessed through a browser (e.g. for
testing since these interfaces are intended for tools not humans) then
the browser must be closed afterwards to terminate the session.</li>
</ul>
<p>
For more information - please see the
<a href="/docs/manager-howto.html">Manager App HOW-TO</a>.
</p>
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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /images/asf-logo.svg</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /images/docs-stylesheet.css</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /windows-auth-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /cluster-manager.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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</script></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="/images/tomcat.png"/></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="http://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img alt="The Apache Software Foundation" src="/images/asf-logo.svg" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"/></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8</h1><div class="versionInfo">
Version 8.5.32,
<time datetime="2018-06-20">Jun 20 2018</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div class="noprint" id="mainLeft"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="/index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="/introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="/appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="/deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="/manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="/host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="/realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="/security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="/class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="/jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="/ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="/ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="/cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="/proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="/default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="/cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="/balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="/connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="/monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="/logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="/apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="/virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="/aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="/extras.html">27) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="/maven-jars.html">28) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="/security-howto.html">29) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="/windows-service-howto.html">30) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="/windows-auth-howto.html">31) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="/jdbc-pool.html">32) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="/web-socket-howto.html">33) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="/rewrite.html">34) Rewrite</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="/config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="/api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="/building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="/changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="/developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="/architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="/funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="/tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Tomcat Web Application Deployment</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#A_word_on_Contexts">A word on Contexts</a></li><li><a href="#Deployment_on_Tomcat_startup">Deployment on Tomcat startup</a></li><li><a href="#Deploying_on_a_running_Tomcat_server">Deploying on a running Tomcat server</a></li><li><a href="#Deploying_using_the_Tomcat_Manager">Deploying using the Tomcat Manager</a></li><li><a href="#Deploying_using_the_Client_Deployer_Package">Deploying using the Client Deployer Package</a></li></ul>
</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
<p>
Deployment is the term used for the process of installing a web
application (either a 3rd party WAR or your own custom web application)
into the Tomcat server.
</p>
<p>
Web application deployment may be accomplished in a number of ways
within the Tomcat server.
</p>
<ul>
<li>Statically; the web application is setup before Tomcat is started</li>
<li>
Dynamically; by directly manipulating already deployed web
applications (relying on <em>auto-deployment</em>
feature) or remotely by using the Tomcat Manager web
application
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The <a href="/manager-howto.html">Tomcat Manager</a> is a web
application that can be used interactively (via HTML GUI) or
programmatically (via URL-based API) to deploy and manage web
applications.
</p>
<p>
There are a number of ways to perform deployment that rely on
the Manager web application. Apache Tomcat provides tasks
for Apache Ant build tool.
<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/maven-plugin.html">Apache Tomcat Maven Plugin</a>
project provides integration with Apache Maven.
There is also a tool called the Client Deployer, which can be
used from a command line and provides additional functionality
such as compiling and validating web applications as well as
packaging web application into web application resource (WAR)
files.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Installation">Installation</h3><div class="text">
<p>
There is no installation required for static deployment of web
applications as this is provided out of the box by Tomcat. Nor is any
installation required for deployment functions with the Tomcat Manager,
although some configuration is required as detailed in the
<a href="/manager-howto.html">Tomcat Manager manual</a>.
An installation is however required if you wish
to use the Tomcat Client Deployer (TCD).
</p>
<p>
The TCD is not packaged with the Tomcat core
distribution, and must therefore be downloaded separately from
the Downloads area. The download is usually labelled
<i>apache-tomcat-8.5.x-deployer</i>.
</p>
<p>
TCD has prerequisites of Apache Ant 1.6.2+ and a Java installation.
Your environment should define an ANT_HOME environment value pointing to
the root of your Ant installation, and a JAVA_HOME value pointing to
your Java installation. Additionally, you should ensure Ant's ant
command, and the Java javac compiler command run from the command shell
that your operating system provides.
</p>
<ol>
<li>Download the TCD distribution</li>
<li>
The TCD package need not be extracted into any existing Tomcat
installation, it can be extracted to any location.
</li>
<li>Read Using the <a href="#Deploying_using_the_Client_Deployer_Package">
Tomcat Client Deployer</a></li>
</ol>
</div><h3 id="A_word_on_Contexts">A word on Contexts</h3><div class="text">
<p>
In talking about deployment of web applications, the concept of a
<i>Context</i> is required to be understood. A Context is what Tomcat
calls a web application.
</p>
<p>
In order to configure a Context within Tomcat a <i>Context Descriptor</i>
is required. A Context Descriptor is simply an XML file that contains
Tomcat related configuration for a Context, e.g naming resources or
session manager configuration. In earlier versions of
Tomcat the content of a Context Descriptor configuration was often stored within
Tomcat's primary configuration file <i>server.xml</i> but this is now
discouraged (although it currently still works).
</p>
<p>
Context Descriptors not only help Tomcat to know how to configure
Contexts but other tools such as the Tomcat Manager and TCD often use
these Context Descriptors to perform their roles properly.
</p>
<p>
The locations for Context Descriptors are:
</p>
<ol>
<li>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/[webappname].xml</li>
<li>$CATALINA_BASE/webapps/[webappname]/META-INF/context.xml</li>
</ol>
<p>
Files in (1) are named [webappname].xml but files in (2) are named
context.xml. If a Context Descriptor is not provided for a Context,
Tomcat configures the Context using default values.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Deployment_on_Tomcat_startup">Deployment on Tomcat startup</h3><div class="text">
<p>
If you are not interested in using the Tomcat Manager, or TCD,
then you'll need to deploy your web applications
statically to Tomcat, followed by a Tomcat startup. The location you
deploy web applications to for this type of deployment is called the
<code>appBase</code> which is specified per Host. You either copy a
so-called <i>exploded web application</i>, i.e non-compressed, to this
location, or a compressed web application resource .WAR file.
</p>
<p>
The web applications present in the location specified by the Host's
(default Host is "localhost") <code>appBase</code> attribute (default
appBase is "$CATALINA_BASE/webapps") will be deployed on Tomcat startup
only if the Host's <code>deployOnStartup</code> attribute is "true".
</p>
<p>
The following deployment sequence will occur on Tomcat startup in that
case:
</p>
<ol>
<li>Any Context Descriptors will be deployed first.</li>
<li>
Exploded web applications not referenced by any Context
Descriptor will then be deployed. If they have an associated
.WAR file in the appBase and it is newer than the exploded web application,
the exploded directory will be removed and the webapp will be
redeployed from the .WAR
</li>
<li>.WAR files will be deployed</li>
</ol>
</div><h3 id="Deploying_on_a_running_Tomcat_server">Deploying on a running Tomcat server</h3><div class="text">
<p>
It is possible to deploy web applications to a running Tomcat server.
</p>
<p>
If the Host <code>autoDeploy</code> attribute is "true", the Host will
attempt to deploy and update web applications dynamically, as needed,
for example if a new .WAR is dropped into the <code>appBase</code>.
For this to work, the Host needs to have background processing
enabled which is the default configuration.
</p>
<p>
<code>autoDeploy</code> set to "true" and a running Tomcat allows for:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Deployment of .WAR files copied into the Host <code>appBase</code>.</li>
<li>
Deployment of exploded web applications which are
copied into the Host <code>appBase</code>.
</li>
<li>
Re-deployment of a web application which has already been deployed from
a .WAR when the new .WAR is provided. In this case the exploded
web application is removed, and the .WAR is expanded again.
Note that the explosion will not occur if the Host is configured
so that .WARs are not exploded with a <code>unpackWARs</code>
attribute set to "false", in which case the web application
will be simply redeployed as a compressed archive.
</li>
<li>
Re-loading of a web application if the /WEB-INF/web.xml file (or
any other resource defined as a WatchedResource) is updated.
</li>
<li>
Re-deployment of a web application if the Context Descriptor
file from which the web application has been deployed is
updated.
</li>
<li>
Re-deployment of dependent web applications if the global or
per-host Context Descriptor file used by the web application is
updated.
</li>
<li>
Re-deployment of a web application if a Context Descriptor file (with a
filename corresponding to the Context path of the previously deployed
web application) is added to the
<code>$CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/</code>
directory.
</li>
<li>
Undeployment of a web application if its document base (docBase)
is deleted. Note that on Windows, this assumes that anti-locking
features (see Context configuration) are enabled, otherwise it is not
possible to delete the resources of a running web application.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Note that web application reloading can also be configured in the loader, in which
case loaded classes will be tracked for changes.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Deploying_using_the_Tomcat_Manager">Deploying using the Tomcat Manager</h3><div class="text">
<p>
The Tomcat Manager is covered in its <a href="/manager-howto.html">own manual page</a>.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Deploying_using_the_Client_Deployer_Package">Deploying using the Client Deployer Package</h3><div class="text">
<p>
Finally, deployment of web application may be achieved using the
Tomcat Client Deployer. This is a package which can be used to
validate, compile, compress to .WAR, and deploy web applications to
production or development Tomcat servers. It should be noted that this feature
uses the Tomcat Manager and as such the target Tomcat server should be
running.
</p>
<p>
It is assumed the user will be familiar with Apache Ant for using the TCD.
Apache Ant is a scripted build tool. The TCD comes pre-packaged with a
build script to use. Only a modest understanding of Apache Ant is
required (installation as listed earlier in this page, and familiarity
with using the operating system command shell and configuring
environment variables).
</p>
<p>
The TCD includes Ant tasks, the Jasper page compiler for JSP compilation
before deployment, as well as a task which
validates the web application Context Descriptor. The validator task (class
<code>org.apache.catalina.ant.ValidatorTask</code>) allows only one parameter:
the base path of an exploded web application.
</p>
<p>
The TCD uses an exploded web application as input (see the list of the
properties used below). A web application that is programmatically
deployed with the deployer may include a Context Descriptor in
<code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>.
</p>
<p>
The TCD includes a ready-to-use Ant script, with the following targets:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code>compile</code> (default): Compile and validate the web
application. This can be used standalone, and does not need a running
Tomcat server. The compiled application will only run on the associated
<em>Tomcat X.Y.Z</em> server release, and is not guaranteed to work
on another Tomcat release, as the code generated by Jasper depends on its runtime
component. It should also be noted that this target will also compile
automatically any Java source file located in the
<code>/WEB-INF/classes</code> folder of the web application.</li>
<li>
<code>deploy</code>: Deploy a web application (compiled or not) to
a Tomcat server.
</li>
<li><code>undeploy</code>: Undeploy a web application</li>
<li><code>start</code>: Start web application</li>
<li><code>reload</code>: Reload web application</li>
<li><code>stop</code>: Stop web application</li>
</ul>
<p>
In order for the deployment to be configured, create a file
called <code>deployer.properties</code> in the TCD installation
directory root. In this file, add the following name=value pairs per
line:
</p>
<p>
Additionally, you will need to ensure that a user has been
setup for the target Tomcat Manager (which TCD uses) otherwise the TCD
will not authenticate with the Tomcat Manager and the deployment will
fail. To do this, see the Tomcat Manager page.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code>build</code>: The build folder used will be, by default,
<code>${build}/webapp/${path}</code> (<code>${build}</code>, by
default, points to <code>${basedir}/build</code>). After the end
of the execution of the <code>compile</code> target, the web
application .WAR will be located at
<code>${build}/webapp/${path}.war</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>webapp</code>: The directory containing the exploded web application
which will be compiled and validated. By default, the folder is
<code>myapp</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>path</code>: Deployed context path of the web application,
by default <code>/myapp</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>url</code>: Absolute URL to the Tomcat Manager web application of a
running Tomcat server, which will be used to deploy and undeploy the
web application. By default, the deployer will attempt to access
a Tomcat instance running on localhost, at
<code>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>username</code>: Tomcat Manager username (user should have a role of
manager-script)
</li>
<li><code>password</code>: Tomcat Manager password.</li>
</ul>
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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /websocketapi/index.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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</script></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="/images/tomcat.png"/></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="http://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img alt="The Apache Software Foundation" src="/images/asf-logo.svg" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"/></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8</h1><div class="versionInfo">
Version 8.5.32,
<time datetime="2018-06-20">Jun 20 2018</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div class="noprint" id="mainLeft"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="/index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="/introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="/appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="/deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="/manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="/host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="/realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="/security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="/class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="/jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="/ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="/ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="/cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="/proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="/default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="/cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="/balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="/connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="/monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="/logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="/apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="/virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="/aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="/extras.html">27) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="/maven-jars.html">28) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="/security-howto.html">29) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="/windows-service-howto.html">30) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="/windows-auth-howto.html">31) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="/jdbc-pool.html">32) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="/web-socket-howto.html">33) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="/rewrite.html">34) Rewrite</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="/config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="/api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="/building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="/changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="/developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="/architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="/funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="/tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Tomcat Setup</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Windows">Windows</a></li><li><a href="#Unix_daemon">Unix daemon</a></li></ul>
</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
<p>
There are several ways to set up Tomcat for running on different
platforms. The main documentation for this is a file called
<a href="/RUNNING.txt">RUNNING.txt</a>. We encourage you to refer to that
file if the information below does not answer some of your questions.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Windows">Windows</h3><div class="text">
<p>
Installing Tomcat on Windows can be done easily using the Windows
installer. Its interface and functionality is similar to other wizard
based installers, with only a few items of interest.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Installation as a service</strong>: Tomcat will be
installed as a Windows service no matter what setting is selected.
Using the checkbox on the component page sets the service as "auto"
startup, so that Tomcat is automatically started when Windows
starts. For optimal security, the service should be run as a
separate user, with reduced permissions (see the Windows Services
administration tool and its documentation).</li>
<li><strong>Java location</strong>: The installer will provide a default
JRE to use to run the service. The installer uses the registry to
determine the base path of a Java 7 or later JRE, including the JRE
installed as part of the full JDK. When running on a 64-bit
operating system, the installer will first look for a 64-bit JRE and
only look for a 32-bit JRE if a 64-bit JRE is not found. It is not
mandatory to use the default JRE detected by the installer. Any
installed Java 7 or later JRE (32-bit or 64-bit) may be used.</li>
<li><strong>Tray icon</strong>: When Tomcat is run as a service, there
will not be any tray icon present when Tomcat is running. Note that
when choosing to run Tomcat at the end of installation, the tray
icon will be used even if Tomcat was installed as a service.</li>
<li><strong>Defaults</strong>: The defaults used by the installer may be
overridden by use of the <code>/C=&lt;config file&gt;</code> command
line argument. The configuration file uses the format
<code>name=value</code> with each pair on a separate line. The names
of the available configuration options are:
<ul>
<li>JavaHome</li>
<li>TomcatPortShutdown</li>
<li>TomcatPortHttp</li>
<li>TomcatPortAjp</li>
<li>TomcatMenuEntriesEnable</li>
<li>TomcatShortcutAllUsers</li>
<li>TomcatServiceDefaultName</li>
<li>TomcatServiceName</li>
<li>TomcatServiceFileName</li>
<li>TomcatServiceManagerFileName</li>
<li>TomcatAdminEnable</li>
<li>TomcatAdminUsername</li>
<li>TomcatAdminPassword</li>
<li>TomcatAdminRoles</li>
</ul>
By using <code>/C=...</code> along with <code>/S</code> and
<code>/D=</code> it is possible to perform fully configured
unattended installs of Apache Tomact.
</li>
<li>Refer to the
<a href="/windows-service-howto.html">Windows Service HOW-TO</a>
for information on how to manage Tomcat as a Windows service.
</li>
</ul>
<p>The installer will create shortcuts allowing starting and configuring
Tomcat. It is important to note that the Tomcat administration web
application can only be used when Tomcat is running.</p>
</div><h3 id="Unix_daemon">Unix daemon</h3><div class="text">
<p>Tomcat can be run as a daemon using the jsvc tool from the
commons-daemon project. Source tarballs for jsvc are included with the
Tomcat binaries, and need to be compiled. Building jsvc requires
a C ANSI compiler (such as GCC), GNU Autoconf, and a JDK.</p>
<p>Before running the script, the <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment
variable should be set to the base path of the JDK. Alternately, when
calling the <code>./configure</code> script, the path of the JDK may
be specified using the <code>--with-java</code> parameter, such as
<code>./configure --with-java=/usr/java</code>.</p>
<p>Using the following commands should result in a compiled jsvc binary,
located in the <code>$CATALINA_HOME/bin</code> folder. This assumes
that GNU TAR is used, and that <code>CATALINA_HOME</code> is an
environment variable pointing to the base path of the Tomcat
installation.</p>
<p>Please note that you should use the GNU make (gmake) instead of
the native BSD make on FreeBSD systems.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd $CATALINA_HOME/bin
tar xvfz commons-daemon-native.tar.gz
cd commons-daemon-1.1.x-native-src/unix
./configure
make
cp jsvc ../..
cd ../..</code></pre></div>
<p>Tomcat can then be run as a daemon using the following commands.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME
cd $CATALINA_HOME
./bin/jsvc \
-classpath $CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar \
-outfile $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out \
-errfile $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.err \
-Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \
-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE \
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager \
-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap</code></pre></div>
<p>When runnong on Java 9 you will need to additionally specify the
following when starting jsvc to avoid warnings on shutdown.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>...
--add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED \
...
</code></pre></div>
<p>You may also need to specify <code>-jvm server</code> if the JVM defaults
to using a server VM rather than a client VM. This has been observed on
OSX.</p>
<p>jsvc has other useful parameters, such as <code>-user</code> which
causes it to switch to another user after the daemon initialization is
complete. This allows, for example, running Tomcat as a non privileged
user while still being able to use privileged ports. Note that if you
use this option and start Tomcat as root, you'll need to disable the
<code>org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener</code> check that
prevents Tomcat starting when running as root.</p>
<p><code>jsvc --help</code> will return the full jsvc usage
information. In particular, the <code>-debug</code> option is useful
to debug issues running jsvc.</p>
<p>The file <code>$CATALINA_HOME/bin/daemon.sh</code> can be used as a
template for starting Tomcat automatically at boot time from
<code>/etc/init.d</code> with jsvc.</p>
<p>Note that the Commons-Daemon JAR file must be on your runtime classpath
to run Tomcat in this manner. The Commons-Daemon JAR file is in the
Class-Path entry of the bootstrap.jar manifest, but if you get a
ClassNotFoundException or a NoClassDefFoundError for a Commons-Daemon
class, add the Commons-Daemon JAR to the -cp argument when launching
jsvc.</p>
</div><div class="noprint"><h3 id="comments_section">
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</h3><div class="text"><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /jar-scan-filter.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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================================================================================
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
================================================================================
Apache Tomcat Version 8.5.32
Release Notes
=========
CONTENTS:
=========
* Dependency Changes
* API Stability
* Bundled APIs
* Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries
* Security manager URLs
* Symlinking static resources
* Viewing the Tomcat Change Log
* Cryptographic software notice
* When all else fails
===================
Dependency Changes:
===================
Tomcat 8.5 is designed to run on Java SE 7 and later.
==============
API Stability:
==============
The public interfaces for the following classes are fixed and will not be
changed at all during the remaining lifetime of the 8.x series:
- All classes in the javax namespace
The public interfaces for the following classes may be added to in order to
resolve bugs and/or add new features. No existing interface method will be
removed or changed although it may be deprecated.
- org.apache.catalina.* (excluding sub-packages)
Note: As Tomcat 8 matures, the above list will be added to. The list is not
considered complete at this time.
Note: A large number of deprecated methods, fields and configuration options
were removed in the transition from 8.0.x to 8.5.x. If any of those
removals triggers significant problems for the user community that the
deletion may be reverted in a later point release.
The remaining classes are considered part of the Tomcat internals and may change
without notice between point releases.
=============
Bundled APIs:
=============
A standard installation of Tomcat 8.5 makes all of the following APIs available
for use by web applications (by placing them in "lib"):
* annotations-api.jar (Annotations package)
* catalina.jar (Tomcat Catalina implementation)
* catalina-ant.jar (Tomcat Catalina Ant tasks)
* catalina-ha.jar (High availability package)
* catalina-storeconfig.jar (Generation of XML configuration from current state)
* catalina-tribes.jar (Group communication)
* ecj-4.6.3.jar (Eclipse JDT Java compiler)
* el-api.jar (EL 3.0 API)
* jasper.jar (Jasper 2 Compiler and Runtime)
* jasper-el.jar (Jasper 2 EL implementation)
* jsp-api.jar (JSP 2.3 API)
* servlet-api.jar (Servlet 3.1 API)
* tomcat-api.jar (Interfaces shared by Catalina and Jasper)
* tomcat-coyote.jar (Tomcat connectors and utility classes)
* tomcat-dbcp.jar (package renamed database connection pool based on Commons DBCP)
* tomcat-jdbc.jar (Tomcat's database connection pooling solution)
* tomcat-jni.jar (Interface to the native component of the APR/native connector)
* tomcat-util.jar (Various utilities)
* tomcat-websocket.jar (WebSocket 1.1 implementation)
* websocket-api.jar (WebSocket 1.1 API)
You can make additional APIs available to all of your web applications by
putting unpacked classes into a "classes" directory (not created by default),
or by placing them in JAR files in the "lib" directory.
To override the XML parser implementation or interfaces, use the appropriate
feature for your JVM. For Java <= 8 use the endorsed standards override
feature. The default configuration defines JARs located in "endorsed" as endorsed.
For Java 9+ use the upgradeable modules feature.
================================================================
Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries:
================================================================
Some shared libraries (many are part of the JDK) keep references to objects
instantiated by the web application. To avoid class loading related problems
(ClassCastExceptions, messages indicating that the classloader
is stopped, etc.), the shared libraries state should be reinitialized.
Something which might help is to avoid putting classes which would be
referenced by a shared static field in the web application classloader,
and putting them in the shared classloader instead (JARs should be put in the
"lib" folder, and classes should be put in the "classes" folder).
======================
Security manager URLs:
======================
In order to grant security permissions to JARs located inside the
web application repository, use URLs of of the following format
in your policy file:
file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar
============================
Symlinking static resources:
============================
By default, Unix symlinks will not work when used in a web application to link
resources located outside the web application root directory.
This behavior is optional, and the "allowLinking" flag may be used to disable
the check.
==============================
Viewing the Tomcat Change Log:
==============================
The full change log is available from http://tomcat.apache.org and is also
included in the documentation web application.
=============================
Cryptographic software notice
=============================
This distribution includes cryptographic software. The country in
which you currently reside may have restrictions on the import,
possession, use, and/or re-export to another country, of
encryption software. BEFORE using any encryption software, please
check your country's laws, regulations and policies concerning the
import, possession, or use, and re-export of encryption software, to
see if this is permitted. See <http://www.wassenaar.org/> for more
information.
The U.S. Government Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and
Security (BIS), has classified this software as Export Commodity
Control Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.1, which includes information security
software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric
algorithms. The form and manner of this Apache Software Foundation
distribution makes it eligible for export under the License Exception
ENC Technology Software Unrestricted (TSU) exception (see the BIS
Export Administration Regulations, Section 740.13) for both object
code and source code.
The following provides more details on the included cryptographic
software:
- Tomcat includes code designed to work with JSSE
- Tomcat includes code designed to work with OpenSSL
====================
When all else fails:
====================
See the FAQ
http://tomcat.apache.org/faq/

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /funcspecs/index.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /host.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /cluster-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /developers.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
================================================================================
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
================================================================================
Apache Tomcat Version 8.5.32
Release Notes
=========
CONTENTS:
=========
* Dependency Changes
* API Stability
* Bundled APIs
* Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries
* Security manager URLs
* Symlinking static resources
* Viewing the Tomcat Change Log
* Cryptographic software notice
* When all else fails
===================
Dependency Changes:
===================
Tomcat 8.5 is designed to run on Java SE 7 and later.
==============
API Stability:
==============
The public interfaces for the following classes are fixed and will not be
changed at all during the remaining lifetime of the 8.x series:
- All classes in the javax namespace
The public interfaces for the following classes may be added to in order to
resolve bugs and/or add new features. No existing interface method will be
removed or changed although it may be deprecated.
- org.apache.catalina.* (excluding sub-packages)
Note: As Tomcat 8 matures, the above list will be added to. The list is not
considered complete at this time.
Note: A large number of deprecated methods, fields and configuration options
were removed in the transition from 8.0.x to 8.5.x. If any of those
removals triggers significant problems for the user community that the
deletion may be reverted in a later point release.
The remaining classes are considered part of the Tomcat internals and may change
without notice between point releases.
=============
Bundled APIs:
=============
A standard installation of Tomcat 8.5 makes all of the following APIs available
for use by web applications (by placing them in "lib"):
* annotations-api.jar (Annotations package)
* catalina.jar (Tomcat Catalina implementation)
* catalina-ant.jar (Tomcat Catalina Ant tasks)
* catalina-ha.jar (High availability package)
* catalina-storeconfig.jar (Generation of XML configuration from current state)
* catalina-tribes.jar (Group communication)
* ecj-4.6.3.jar (Eclipse JDT Java compiler)
* el-api.jar (EL 3.0 API)
* jasper.jar (Jasper 2 Compiler and Runtime)
* jasper-el.jar (Jasper 2 EL implementation)
* jsp-api.jar (JSP 2.3 API)
* servlet-api.jar (Servlet 3.1 API)
* tomcat-api.jar (Interfaces shared by Catalina and Jasper)
* tomcat-coyote.jar (Tomcat connectors and utility classes)
* tomcat-dbcp.jar (package renamed database connection pool based on Commons DBCP)
* tomcat-jdbc.jar (Tomcat's database connection pooling solution)
* tomcat-jni.jar (Interface to the native component of the APR/native connector)
* tomcat-util.jar (Various utilities)
* tomcat-websocket.jar (WebSocket 1.1 implementation)
* websocket-api.jar (WebSocket 1.1 API)
You can make additional APIs available to all of your web applications by
putting unpacked classes into a "classes" directory (not created by default),
or by placing them in JAR files in the "lib" directory.
To override the XML parser implementation or interfaces, use the appropriate
feature for your JVM. For Java <= 8 use the endorsed standards override
feature. The default configuration defines JARs located in "endorsed" as endorsed.
For Java 9+ use the upgradeable modules feature.
================================================================
Web application reloading and static fields in shared libraries:
================================================================
Some shared libraries (many are part of the JDK) keep references to objects
instantiated by the web application. To avoid class loading related problems
(ClassCastExceptions, messages indicating that the classloader
is stopped, etc.), the shared libraries state should be reinitialized.
Something which might help is to avoid putting classes which would be
referenced by a shared static field in the web application classloader,
and putting them in the shared classloader instead (JARs should be put in the
"lib" folder, and classes should be put in the "classes" folder).
======================
Security manager URLs:
======================
In order to grant security permissions to JARs located inside the
web application repository, use URLs of of the following format
in your policy file:
file:${catalina.base}/webapps/examples/WEB-INF/lib/driver.jar
============================
Symlinking static resources:
============================
By default, Unix symlinks will not work when used in a web application to link
resources located outside the web application root directory.
This behavior is optional, and the "allowLinking" flag may be used to disable
the check.
==============================
Viewing the Tomcat Change Log:
==============================
The full change log is available from http://tomcat.apache.org and is also
included in the documentation web application.
=============================
Cryptographic software notice
=============================
This distribution includes cryptographic software. The country in
which you currently reside may have restrictions on the import,
possession, use, and/or re-export to another country, of
encryption software. BEFORE using any encryption software, please
check your country's laws, regulations and policies concerning the
import, possession, or use, and re-export of encryption software, to
see if this is permitted. See <http://www.wassenaar.org/> for more
information.
The U.S. Government Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and
Security (BIS), has classified this software as Export Commodity
Control Number (ECCN) 5D002.C.1, which includes information security
software using or performing cryptographic functions with asymmetric
algorithms. The form and manner of this Apache Software Foundation
distribution makes it eligible for export under the License Exception
ENC Technology Software Unrestricted (TSU) exception (see the BIS
Export Administration Regulations, Section 740.13) for both object
code and source code.
The following provides more details on the included cryptographic
software:
- Tomcat includes code designed to work with JSSE
- Tomcat includes code designed to work with OpenSSL
====================
When all else fails:
====================
See the FAQ
http://tomcat.apache.org/faq/

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/cluster-receiver.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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/*
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
body {
margin: 10px 20px;
text-align: center;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, ul, ol {
margin: 0 0 0.5em;
}
h1 {
font-size: 18pt;
margin: 0.5em 0 0;
}
h2 {
font-size: 16pt;
}
h3 {
font-size: 13pt;
}
h4 {
font-size: 12pt;
}
h5 {
font-size: 11pt;
}
p {
font-size: 11pt
}
ul {
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0 0.25em;
text-indent: 0;
list-style: none;
}
li {
margin: 0;
padding: 0 0 0.25em;
text-indent: 0;
font-size: 80%;
}
pre {
text-indent: 0.25em;
width: 90%;
font-size: 90%;
}
br.separator {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
clear: both;
}
a img {
border: 0 none;
}
.container {
padding: 10px;
margin: 0 0 10px;
}
.col20 {
float: left;
width: 20%;
}
.col25 {
float: left;
width: 25%;
}
#wrapper {
display: block;
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: left;
min-width: 720px;
max-width: 1000px;
}
.curved {
border-radius: 10px;
-moz-border-radius: 10px;
-webkit-border-radius: 10px;
-khtml-border-radius: 10px;
}
#navigation {
background: #eee url(bg-nav.png) repeat-x top left;
margin: 0 0 10px;
padding: 0;
}
#navigation span {
float: left;
}
#navigation span a {
display: block;
padding: 10px;
font-weight: bold;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #fff;
}
#navigation span a:link,
#navigation span a:visited,
#navigation span a:hover,
#navigation span a:active {
color: #666;
text-decoration: none;
}
#navigation span#nav-help {
float: right;
margin-right: 0;
}
#asf-box {
height: 40px;
background: #fff url(asf-logo-wide.svg) no-repeat top right;}
#asf-box h1 {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
#upper {
background: #fff url(bg-upper.png) repeat-x top left;
}
#congrats {
text-align: center;
padding: 10px;
margin: 0 40px 20px;
background-color: #9c9;
}
#congrats h2 {
font-size: 14pt;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
color: #fff;
}
#notice {
float: left;
width: 560px;
color: #696;
}
#notice a:link,
#notice a:visited,
#notice a:hover,
#notice a:active {
color: #090;
text-decoration: none;
}
#notice img,
#notice #tasks {
float: left;
}
#tasks a:link,
#tasks a:visited,
#tasks a:hover,
#tasks a:active {
text-decoration: underline;
}
#notice img {
margin-right: 20px;
}
#actions {
float: right;
width: 140px;
}
#actions .button {
display: block;
padding: 0;
height: 36px;
background: url(bg-button.png) no-repeat top left;
}
#actions .button a {
display: block;
padding: 0;
}
#actions .button a:link,
#actions .button a:visited,
#actions .button a:hover,
#actions .button a:active {
color: #696;
text-decoration: none;
}
#actions .button a span {
display: block;
padding: 6px 10px;
color: #666;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #fff;
font-size: 10pt;
font-weight: bold;
}
#middle {
background: #eef url(bg-middle.png) repeat-x top left;
margin: 20px 0;
padding: 1px 10px;
}
#middle h3 {
margin: 0 0 10px;
color: #033;
}
#middle p {
font-size: 10pt;
}
#middle a:link,
#middle a:visited,
#middle a:hover,
#middle a:active {
color: #366;
font-weight: bold;
}
#middle .col25 .container {
padding: 0 0 1px;
}
#developers {
float: left;
width: 40%;
}
#security {
float: right;
width: 50%;
}
#lower {
padding: 0;
}
#lower a:link,
#lower a:visited,
#lower a:hover,
#lower a:active {
color: #600;
}
#lower strong a:link,
#lower strong a:visited,
#lower strong a:hover,
#lower strong a:active {
color: #c00;
}
#lower h3 {
color: #963;
font-size: 14pt;
}
#lower h4 {
font-size: 12pt;
}
#lower ul {
padding: 0;
margin: 0.5em 0;
}
#lower p,
#lower li {
font-size: 9pt;
color: #753;
margin: 0 0 0.1em;
}
#lower li {
padding: 3px 5px;
}
#lower li strong {
color: #a53;
}
#lower li#list-announce {
border: 1px solid #f90;
background-color: #ffe8c8;
}
#lower p {
font-size: 10.5pt;
}
#low-manage,
#low-docs,
#low-help {
float: left;
width: 32%;
}
#low-docs {
margin: 0 0 0 2.2%;
}
#low-help {
float: right;
}
#low-manage div,
#low-docs div,
#low-help div {
min-height: 280px;
border: 3px solid #ffdc75;
background-color: #fff1c8;
padding: 10px;
}
#footer {
padding: 0;
margin: 20px 0;
color: #999;
background-color: #eee;
}
#footer h4 {
margin: 0 0 10px;
font-size: 10pt;
}
#footer p {
margin: 0 0 10px;
font-size: 10pt;
}
#footer ul {
margin: 6px 0 1px;
padding: 0;
}
#footer li {
margin: 0;
font-size: 9pt;
}
#footer a:link,
#footer a:visited,
#footer a:hover,
#footer a:active {
color: #666;
}
.copyright {
font-size: 10pt;
color: #666;
}

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /cluster-membership.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /deployer-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/listeners.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /cluster-valve.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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</script></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="/images/tomcat.png"/></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="http://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img alt="The Apache Software Foundation" src="/images/asf-logo.svg" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"/></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8</h1><div class="versionInfo">
Version 8.5.32,
<time datetime="2018-06-20">Jun 20 2018</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div class="noprint" id="mainLeft"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="/index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="/introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="/setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="/appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="/deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="/manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="/host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="/realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="/security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="/class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="/jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="/ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="/ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="/cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="/proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="/default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="/cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="/balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="/connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="/monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="/logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="/apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="/virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="/aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="/extras.html">27) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="/maven-jars.html">28) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="/security-howto.html">29) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="/windows-service-howto.html">30) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="/windows-auth-howto.html">31) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="/jdbc-pool.html">32) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="/web-socket-howto.html">33) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="/rewrite.html">34) Rewrite</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="/config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="/api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/servletapi/index.html">Servlet Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="/websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="/building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="/changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions">Status</a></li><li><a href="/developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="/architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="/funcspecs/index.html">Functional Specs.</a></li><li><a href="/tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Documentation Index</h2><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
<p>This is the top-level entry point of the documentation bundle for the
<strong>Apache Tomcat</strong> Servlet/JSP container. Apache Tomcat version
8.5 implements the Servlet 3.1 and JavaServer Pages 2.3
<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/Specifications">specifications</a> from the
<a href="http://www.jcp.org">Java Community Process</a>, and includes many
additional features that make it a useful platform for developing and deploying
web applications and web services.</p>
<p>Select one of the links from the navigation menu (to the left) to drill
down to the more detailed documentation that is available. Each available
manual is described in more detail below.</p>
</div><h3 id="Apache_Tomcat_User_Guide">Apache Tomcat User Guide</h3><div class="text">
<p>The following documents will assist you in downloading and installing
Apache Tomcat, and using many of the Apache Tomcat features.</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="/introduction.html"><strong>Introduction</strong></a> - A
brief, high level, overview of Apache Tomcat.</li>
<li><a href="/setup.html"><strong>Setup</strong></a> - How to install and run
Apache Tomcat on a variety of platforms.</li>
<li><a href="/appdev/index.html"><strong>First web application</strong></a>
- An introduction to the concepts of a <em>web application</em> as defined
in the Servlet Specification. Covers basic organization of your web application
source tree, the structure of a web application archive, and an
introduction to the web application deployment descriptor
(<code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>).</li>
<li><a href="/deployer-howto.html"><strong>Deployer</strong></a> -
Operating the Apache Tomcat Deployer to deploy, precompile, and validate web
applications.</li>
<li><a href="/manager-howto.html"><strong>Manager</strong></a> -
Operating the <strong>Manager</strong> web app to deploy, undeploy, and
redeploy applications while Apache Tomcat is running.</li>
<li><a href="/host-manager-howto.html"><strong>Host Manager</strong></a> -
Operating the <strong>Host Manager</strong> web app to add and remove
virtual hosts while Apache Tomcat is running.</li>
<li><a href="/realm-howto.html"><strong>Realms and Access Control</strong></a>
- Description of how to configure <em>Realms</em> (databases of users,
passwords, and their associated roles) for use in web applications that
utilize <em>Container Managed Security</em>.</li>
<li><a href="/security-manager-howto.html"><strong>Security Manager</strong></a>
- Configuring and using a Java Security Manager to
support fine-grained control over the behavior of your web applications.
</li>
<li><a href="/jndi-resources-howto.html"><strong>JNDI Resources</strong></a>
- Configuring standard and custom resources in the JNDI naming context
that is provided to each web application.</li>
<li><a href="/jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">
<strong>JDBC DataSource</strong></a>
- Configuring a JNDI DataSource with a DB connection pool.
Examples for many popular databases.</li>
<li><a href="/class-loader-howto.html"><strong>Classloading</strong></a>
- Information about class loading in Apache Tomcat, including where to place
your application classes so that they are visible.</li>
<li><a href="/jasper-howto.html"><strong>JSPs</strong></a>
- Information about Jasper configuration, as well as the JSP compiler
usage.</li>
<li><a href="/ssl-howto.html"><strong>SSL/TLS</strong></a> -
Installing and configuring SSL/TLS support so that your Apache Tomcat will
serve requests using the <code>https</code> protocol.</li>
<li><a href="/ssi-howto.html"><strong>SSI</strong></a> -
Using Server Side Includes in Apache Tomcat.</li>
<li><a href="/cgi-howto.html"><strong>CGI</strong></a> -
Using CGIs with Apache Tomcat.</li>
<li><a href="/proxy-howto.html"><strong>Proxy Support</strong></a> -
Configuring Apache Tomcat to run behind a proxy server (or a web server
functioning as a proxy server).</li>
<li><a href="/mbeans-descriptors-howto.html"><strong>MBeans Descriptors</strong></a> -
Configuring MBean descriptors files for custom components.</li>
<li><a href="/default-servlet.html"><strong>Default Servlet</strong></a> -
Configuring the default servlet and customizing directory listings.</li>
<li><a href="/cluster-howto.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Clustering</strong></a> -
Enable session replication in a Apache Tomcat environment.</li>
<li><a href="/balancer-howto.html"><strong>Balancer</strong></a> -
Configuring, using, and extending the load balancer application.</li>
<li><a href="/connectors.html"><strong>Connectors</strong></a> -
Connectors available in Apache Tomcat, and native web server integration.</li>
<li><a href="/monitoring.html"><strong>Monitoring and Management</strong></a> -
Enabling JMX Remote support, and using tools to monitor and manage Apache Tomcat.</li>
<li><a href="/logging.html"><strong>Logging</strong></a> -
Configuring logging in Apache Tomcat.</li>
<li><a href="/apr.html"><strong>Apache Portable Runtime</strong></a> -
Using APR to provide superior performance, scalability and better
integration with native server technologies.</li>
<li><a href="/virtual-hosting-howto.html"><strong>Virtual Hosting</strong></a> -
Configuring virtual hosting in Apache Tomcat.</li>
<li><a href="/aio.html"><strong>Advanced IO</strong></a> -
Extensions available over regular, blocking IO.</li>
<li><a href="/extras.html"><strong>Additional Components</strong></a> -
Obtaining additional, optional components.</li>
<li><a href="/maven-jars.html"><strong>Using Tomcat libraries with Maven</strong></a> -
Obtaining Tomcat jars through Maven.</li>
<li><a href="/security-howto.html"><strong>Security Considerations</strong></a> -
Options to consider when securing an Apache Tomcat installation.</li>
<li><a href="/windows-service-howto.html"><strong>Windows Service</strong></a> -
Running Tomcat as a service on Microsoft Windows.</li>
<li><a href="/windows-auth-howto.html"><strong>Windows Authentication</strong></a> -
Configuring Tomcat to use integrated Windows authentication.</li>
<li><a href="/jdbc-pool.html"><strong>High Concurrency JDBC Pool</strong></a> -
Configuring Tomcat to use an alternative JDBC pool.</li>
<li><a href="/web-socket-howto.html"><strong>WebSocket support</strong></a> -
Developing WebSocket applications for Apache Tomcat.</li>
<li><a href="/rewrite.html"><strong>URL rewrite</strong></a> -
Using the regexp based rewrite valve for conditional URL and host rewrite.</li>
</ol>
</div><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><div class="text">
<p>The following documents are aimed at <em>System Administrators</em> who
are responsible for installing, configuring, and operating an Apache Tomcat server.
</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/RELEASE-NOTES.txt"><strong>Release notes</strong></a>
- Known issues in this Apache Tomcat release.
</li>
<li><a href="/config/index.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Server Configuration Reference</strong></a>
- Reference manual that documents all available elements and attributes
that may be placed into the Apache Tomcat <code>conf/server.xml</code> file.
</li>
<li><a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/index.html"><strong>JK Documentation</strong></a>
- Complete documentation and HOWTOs on the JK native webserver connector,
used to interface Apache Tomcat with servers like Apache HTTPd, IIS
and others.</li>
<li>Servlet 3.1
<a href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr340/index.html">
<strong>Specification</strong></a> and
<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/servlet/package-summary.html">
<strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
</li>
<li>JSP 2.3
<a href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr245/index2.html">
<strong>Specification</strong></a> and
<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/servlet/jsp/package-summary.html">
<strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
</li>
<li>EL 3.0
<a href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr341/index.html">
<strong>Specification</strong></a> and
<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/el/package-summary.html">
<strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
</li>
<li>WebSocket 1.1
<a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr356/index.html">
<strong>Specification</strong></a> and
<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/websocket/package-summary.html">
<strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
</li>
<li>JASPIC 1.1
<a href="https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr196/index.html">
<strong>Specification</strong></a> and
<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/security/auth/message/package-summary.html">
<strong>Javadoc</strong></a>
</li>
</ul>
</div><h3 id="Apache_Tomcat_Developers">Apache Tomcat Developers</h3><div class="text">
<p>The following documents are for Java developers who wish to contribute to
the development of the <em>Apache Tomcat</em> project.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="/building.html"><strong>Building from Source</strong></a> -
Details the steps necessary to download Apache Tomcat source code (and the
other packages that it depends on), and build a binary distribution from
those sources.
</li>
<li><a href="/changelog.html"><strong>Changelog</strong></a> - Details the
changes made to Apache Tomcat.
</li>
<li><a href="http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions"><strong>Status</strong></a> -
Apache Tomcat development status.
</li>
<li><a href="/developers.html"><strong>Developers</strong></a> - List of active
Apache Tomcat contributors.
</li>
<li><a href="/funcspecs/index.html"><strong>Functional Specifications</strong></a>
- Requirements specifications for features of the <em>Catalina</em> servlet
container portion of Apache Tomcat.</li>
<li><a href="/api/index.html"><strong>Javadocs</strong></a>
- Javadoc API documentation for Apache Tomcat's internals.</li>
<li><a href="/architecture/index.html"><strong>Apache Tomcat Architecture</strong></a>
- Documentation of the Apache Tomcat Server Architecture.</li>
</ul>
</div><div class="noprint"><h3 id="comments_section">
Comments
</h3><div class="text"><p class="notice"><strong>Notice: </strong>This comments section collects your suggestions
on improving documentation for Apache Tomcat.<br/><br/>
If you have trouble and need help, read
<a href="http://tomcat.apache.org/findhelp.html">Find Help</a> page
and ask your question on the tomcat-users
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Do not ask such questions here. This is not a Q&amp;A section.<br/><br/>
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Comments may be removed by our moderators if they are either
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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /html-manager-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /appdev/index.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /cluster-interceptor.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/realm.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /sessionidgenerator.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/cluster-valve.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/cluster-interceptor.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /config/cluster.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /images/docs.gif</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /monitoring.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /deployment.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /ssi-howto.html</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE doctype html>
<html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</title><style type="text/css">h1 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:22px;} h2 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:16px;} h3 {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;font-size:14px;} body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:black;background-color:white;} b {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;color:white;background-color:#525D76;} p {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;background:white;color:black;font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} a.name {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 Not Found</h1><hr class="line"/><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Message</b> /RUNNING.txt</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line"/><h3>Apache Tomcat/8.5.32</h3></body></html>

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